Editing Dell (section)

===Dell 2.0 and downsizing===
Dell announced a change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products.<ref name="director1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1014_3-6155185.html |title=Michael Dell back as CEO; Rollins resigns – CNET News |website=CNET |date=January 31, 2007 |access-date=February 10, 2013}}</ref> While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the "Dell 2.0" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of "[[bureaucracy]]". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by [[Donald Carty]], as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Dell-CFO-stepping-down-in-January/2100-1003_3-6144950.html |title=Dell CFO stepping down in January – CNET News |website=CNET |access-date=January 9, 2014}}</ref>

On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in [[Kanata, Ontario]], terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the city of [[Ottawa]] won a bid to host it. Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building. These plans were reversed, due to a high [[Canadian dollar]] that made the Ottawa staff relatively expensive, and also as part of Dell's turnaround, which involved moving these call-center jobs offshore to cut costs.
<ref>{{cite news
 | author1      = Seggewiss, Krista
 | author2      = Hill, Bert
 | title        = The Dell dream dies
 | work         = Ottawa Citizen
 | url          = http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=d399d387-df1f-4400-8274-1c45879f8ed2
 | date         = April 24, 2008
 | access-date  = May 27, 2009
 | quote        = The Ottawa centre is closing because Dell can't justify paying $18 per hour with the Canadian and American currencies at parity. The relatively high pay, benefits and training opportunities separated Dell from other call centres ...
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090126202553/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=d399d387-df1f-4400-8274-1c45879f8ed2
 | archive-date = January 26, 2009
 | url-status   = dead}}</ref> 
The company had also announced the shutdown of its [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], office, losing 900 jobs. In total, Dell announced the ending of about 8,800 jobs in 2007–2008&nbsp;— 10% of its workforce.<ref>{{cite news|author = Gollner, Phillip|title = UPDATE 1-Dell to cut nearly 900 jobs, close Canada center|work= Reuters|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUSN3134850320080131|date = January 31, 2008}}</ref>

By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.<ref name="statesman"/><ref name="statesman1">{{cite news|url=http://www.statesman.com/business/content/business/stories/technology/2009/10/08/1008Dell.html |title=Dell closing its last large U.S. plant |newspaper=Austin American-Statesman |date=October 8, 2009 |author=Kirk Ladendorf |access-date=November 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011102118/http://www.statesman.com/business/content/business/stories/technology/2009/10/08/1008Dell.html |archive-date=October 11, 2009}}</ref> Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in [[Austin, Texas]] (original location)<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanellos |first=Michael |url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1003_3-5428990.html |title=Inside Dell's manufacturing mecca – CNET News |website=CNET |access-date=January 9, 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410173914/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1003_3-5428990.html |archive-date=April 10, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Silverman |first=Dwight |url=http://blog.chron.com/techblog/2008/04/one-time-showcase-for-dell-closing-in-austin/ |title=One-time showcase for Dell closing in Austin – TechBlog |work=Houston Chronicle |date=April 1, 2008 |access-date=January 9, 2014}}</ref> and [[Lebanon, Tennessee]] (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]], received [[US$]]280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005 ({{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=280000000|start_year=2005|r=-5|fmt=eq}}), but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/charlotte/news/2012/12/19/herbalife-to-open-nc-plant-creating.html |title=Herbalife to open N.C. plant, creating 500 jobs – Charlotte Business Journal |work=The Business Journals |date=December 19, 2012 |access-date=April 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name="theregister.co.uk">The Register: [https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/10/08/dell_closing_north_carolina_plant/ Dell cuts North-Carolina plant despite $280m sweetener], October 8, 2009. Visited: April 10, 2012</ref><ref name="bizjournals.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2010/09/13/daily2.html | title=Dell closes N.C. manufacturing plant | date=September 13, 2010}}</ref> Much work was transferred to manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas.<ref name="statesman1" /> On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in [[Łodź]] in Poland.<ref>FinFacts Ireland [http://www.finfacts.ie/irishfinancenews/article_1025198.shtml Dell remains Ireland's biggest manufacturing exporter despite closing Limerick plant], November 16, 2012. Visited: April 23, 2013.</ref>