Editing Dauphiné (section)

=== Early modern history ===
==== Time of troubles ====
[[Image:Francois-de-bonne-duc-de-le.jpg|thumb|[[François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières]]]]
[[Image:Grenoble Tassin 1638.jpg|thumb|Dauphiné circa 1638]]
[[File:Journée des Tuiles (Alexandre Debelle), Musée de la Révolution française - Vizille.jpg|thumb|''[[Day of the Tiles]]'', 1890 painting by [[Alexandre Debelle]], ([[Musée de la Révolution française]])]]

During the [[Italian Wars]] (1494–1559), French troops were quartered in Dauphiné. [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]], [[Louis XII]] and [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] stayed often in Grenoble, but the people of the province suffered the exactions of the soldiers. Moreover, the nobility of the region took part in the different battles ([[Battle of Marignano|Marignano]], [[Battle of Pavia|Pavia]]) and gained an immense prestige.<ref>''Petite histoire du Dauphiné'', Félix Vernay, 1933, p78</ref> The best-known of its members was [[Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard|Pierre Terrail de Bayard]], "the knight without fear and beyond reproach".

The province suffered from the [[French Wars of Religion]] (1562–98) between Catholics and Protestants at the end of the 16th century. The Dauphiné was a center of Protestantism in France, in cities such as [[Gap, Hautes-Alpes|Gap]], [[Die, Drôme|Die]], and [[La Mure]]. [[François de Beaumont, baron des Adrets|François de Beaumont]], the Huguenot leader, became famous for his cruelty and his destructions.

The cruel execution of Charles du Puy-Montbrun, leader of the Protestants, by the king of France, led to more violence and struggles between the two parties.

In 1575, [[François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières|Lesdiguières]] became the new leader of the Protestants and obtained several territories in the province. After the accession of [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] to the throne of France, Lesdiguières allied with the governor and the lieutenant general of Dauphiné. However, this alliance did not put an end to the conflicts. Indeed, a Catholic movement, ''la Ligue'', which took Grenoble in 1590, refused to make peace. After months of assaults, Lesdiguières defeated the Ligue and took back Grenoble. He became the leader of the entire province.<ref>''Petite Histoire du Dauphiné '', Félix Vernay, 1933, p88</ref>

==== Administration of Lesdiguières (1591–1626) ====
The conflicts were over, but Dauphiné was destroyed and its people exhausted. The enactment of the [[Edict of Nantes]] (1598) restored some civil rights to the Huguenots and brought peace for a short time, but the wars resumed soon afterward.

Lesdiguières defeated the army of Savoy several times and helped the reconstruction of the region. His most famous construction is the [[Château de Vizille|Palace of Vizille]], built for his personal use.

The last meeting of the Estates of Dauphiné took place in 1628. It symbolizes the end of the liberty of the province. From that time, the important decisions were taken by the representatives of the king. It shows the progress of [[Absolutism (European history)|Absolutism]].

==== From Louis XIV to the French Revolution ====
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685 caused the departure of 20,000 Protestants from Dauphiné, weakening the economy of the province. Some valleys lost half of their inhabitants.<ref>''Petie Histoire…'', Félix Vernay, 1933, p97</ref>

In 1692, during the [[Nine Years' War]], the Duke of Savoy invaded the Dauphiné. Gap and Embrun were badly damaged. But the Savoyard armies were defeated by the French Marshal [[Nicolas Catinat]] and [[Philis de La Charce]] leading a peasant army.<ref>{{Cite web|last=AUED|first=par|date=2020-07-08|title=Philis de la Charce|url=https://etudesdromoises.fr/se-procurer-etudes-dromoises/etudes-dromoises-2006-27/philis-de-la-charce/|access-date=2021-04-15|website=Études drômoises|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

In 1713, the [[Treaty of Utrecht]] changed the borders of Dauphiné. The province gained the town of [[Barcelonette]] but lost the major part of the Briançonnais.

The 18th century was a period of economic prosperity for the region, with the development of the industry (glove-making in Grenoble, silk mills in the Rhône valley). Important trade shows also occurred at Grenoble or [[Beaucroissant]].

In 1787, the province was one of the first to demand the meeting of the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates General]] of France. The turning point occurred in 1788 with the [[Day of the Tiles]]. The King ordered the expulsion of the parliamentarians from Grenoble. In part because the economy of the city was dependent on its Parliament, the local people attacked the royal troops by throwing tiles from roofs to prevent the expulsion of the magistrates. This event allowed the sitting of the [[Assembly of Vizille]], which instigated the meeting of the old Estates General, thus beginning the Revolution.