Editing Creole peoples (section)

===Texas===
{{further|Tejanos}}
[[File:Frederic Remington - The Mier Expedition- The Drawing of the Black Bean - Google Art Project.jpg|300px|thumb|Spanish Creoles from Texas]]
In colonial Texas, the term "Creole" (''criollo'') distinguished old-world Africans and Europeans from their descendants born in the new world, Creoles; they composed the citizen class of [[New Spain]]'s Tejas province.<ref name="andrewdelbanco">{{cite book |title=The War Before the War Fugitive Slaves and the Struggle for America's Soul from the Revolution to the Civil War|author=Andrew Delbanco|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|year=2019|pages=190}}</ref><ref name="williamcdavis">{{cite book |title=Lone Star Rising|author=William C. Davis|publisher=Free Press|year=2017|pages=63,64}}</ref><ref name="philipthomastucker">{{cite book |title=Emily D. West and the "Yellow Rose of Texas" Myth|author=Phillip Thomas Tucker|publisher=McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers|year=2014|pages=100}}</ref>

Texas Creole culture revolved around "'''ranchos''" (Creole ranches), attended mostly by ''vaqueros'' (cowboys) of African, Spaniard, or Mestizo descent, and [[Tlaxcaltec|Tlaxcalan Nahuatl settlers]], who established a number of settlements in southeastern Texas and western Louisiana (e.g. [[Los Adaes]]).<ref name="andrewdelbanco"/><ref name="williamcdavis"/><ref name="francisxgalan">{{cite book |title=Los Adaes, the First Capital of Spanish Texas|author= Francis X. Galan|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=2020|pages=416}}</ref><ref name="vaqueros">{{cite book |title=Vaqueros, Cowboys, and Buckaroos|author=Lawrence Clayton|author2=Jim Hoy|author3=Jerald Underwood|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=2010|pages=2}}</ref>

Black Texas Creoles have been present in Texas ever since the 1600s; they served as soldiers in Spanish garrisons of eastern Texas. Generations of Black Texas Creoles, also known as "Black Tejanos", played a role in later phases of Texas history: Mexican Texas, Republic of Texas, and American Texas.<ref name="philipthomastucker"/>