Editing Cranial nerves (section)

====Exiting the skull and extracranial course====
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin-left:15px"
|+ Exits of cranial nerves from the skull.<ref name="Moore's"/><ref name=GRAYS2005>{{cite book|last=Drake|first=Richard L.|title=Gray's anatomy for students|year=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0|author2=Vogl, Wayne |author3=Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell  |author4=illustrations by Richard |author5= Richardson, Paul |pages=800–807}}</ref>
|-
! Location !! Nerve
|-
| [[cribriform plate]] || Terminal nerve (0) 
|-
| [[cribriform plate]] || Olfactory nerve (I) 
|-
| [[optic foramen]] || Optic nerve (II)
|-
| [[superior orbital fissure]] || Oculomotor (III)<br/>Trochlear (IV)<br/>Abducens (VI)<br/>Trigeminal V1<br/>     ''([[Ophthalmic nerve|ophthalmic]])''
|-
| [[foramen rotundum]]|| Trigeminal V2 <br/>     ''([[maxillary nerve|maxillary]])''
|-
| [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]]|| Trigeminal V3 <br/> ''([[Mandibular nerve|mandibular]])''
|-
| [[stylomastoid foramen]]|| Facial nerve (VII)
|-
| [[internal auditory canal]]|| Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
|-
| [[jugular foramen]] || Glossopharyngeal (IX) <br/>Vagus (X)<br/>Accessory (XI)
|-
| [[hypoglossal canal]] || Hypoglossal (XII)
|}

After emerging from the brain, the cranial nerves travel within the [[skull]], and some must leave it in order to reach their destinations.  Often the nerves pass through holes in the skull, called [[foramen|foramina]], as they travel to their destinations. Other nerves pass through bony canals, longer pathways enclosed by bone. These foramina and canals may contain more than one cranial nerve and may also contain blood vessels.<ref name=GRAYS2005 />
*The terminal nerve (0) is a thin network of fibers associated with the dura and lamina terminalis running rostral to the olfactory nerve, with projections through the cribriform plate.
* The olfactory nerve (I) passes through perforations in the [[cribriform plate]] part of the [[ethmoid bone]].  The nerve fibres end in the upper nasal cavity.
* The optic nerve (II) passes through the [[optic foramen]] in the [[sphenoid bone]] as it travels to the eye.
* The oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), abducens nerve (VI) and the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) travel through the [[cavernous sinus]] into the [[superior orbital fissure]], passing out of the skull into the [[Orbit (anatomy)|orbit]].
* The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2) passes through [[foramen rotundum]] in the sphenoid bone.
* The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) passes through [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] of the sphenoid bone.
* The facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) both enter the [[internal auditory canal]] in the [[temporal bone]].  The facial nerve then reaches the side of the face by using the stylomastoid foramen, also in the temporal bone.  Its fibers then spread out to reach and control all of the muscles of facial expression.  The vestibulocochlear nerve reaches the organs that control balance and hearing in the temporal bone and therefore does not reach the external surface of the skull.
* The glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X) and accessory nerve (XI) all leave the skull via the jugular foramen to enter the neck. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensation to the upper throat and the back of the tongue, the vagus supplies the muscles in the [[larynx]] and continues downward to supply parasympathetic supply to the chest and abdomen.  The accessory nerve controls the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles in the neck and shoulder.
*[[File:Cranial Nerves Anatomy in Schematic 3D.ogg|thumb|Schematic 3D model of the cranial nerves]]The hypoglossal nerve (XII) exits the skull using the hypoglossal canal in the [[occipital bone]].