Editing Covenant-breaker (section)

===Expulsions===
{{third-party|section|date=December 2022}}
In 1944 Shoghi Effendi announced the expulsion of [[Munib Shahid]], the grandson of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's through Ruha, for marrying into the family of an enemy of the Baháʼís.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 1944 |title=Messages from the Guardian |url=https://bahai.works/Baha%27i_News/Issue_172 |newspaper=Baháʼí News |issue=172 |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> In April 1945, he announced the expulsion of Husayn Ali, his brother, for joining the other Covenant-breakers.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 1945 |title=Messages from the Guardian |url=https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File%3ABaha%27i_News_174.pdf&page=2 |newspaper=Baháʼí News |issue=174 |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> In a 1950 Shoghi Effendi sent another cable expelling the family of Ruha, another daughter of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá for showing "open defiance",<ref>{{cite book |last=Effendi |first=Shoghi |author-link=Shoghi Effendi |date=22 February 2015 |title=Citadel of Faith |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/CF/cf-6.html#pg87 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |page=87 |isbn=978-1508530596}}</ref> and in December 1951 he announced a "fourth alliance" of members of the family of Siyyid Ali marrying into Ruha's family, and that his brother Riaz was included among the Covenant-breakers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Effendi |first=Shoghi |date=1999 |title=Messages to the Baháʼí World: 1950–1957 |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/MBW/mbw-13.html |publisher=Baha'i Publishing Trust |page=16 |isbn=978-0877432500}}</ref>

In 1953 he cabled about Ruhi Afnan corresponding with [[Mirza Ahmad Sohrab]], selling property of Baháʼu'lláh, and publicly "misrepresenting the teachings and deliberately causing confusion in minds of authorities and the local population".<ref>''Messages to the Baháʼí World – 1950–1957'', p.&nbsp;48</ref>