Editing Corporal punishment (section)

===Human rights===
Key developments related to corporal punishment occurred in the late 20th century. Years with particular significance to the prohibition of corporal punishment are emphasised.
* 1950: [[European Convention on Human Rights]], [[Council of Europe]].<ref>This applies to the 47 members of the Council of Europe, an entirely separate body from the European Union, which has only 28 member states.</ref> Article 3 bans "[[inhuman or degrading treatment]] or punishment".
** '''1978''': [[European Court of Human Rights]], overseeing its implementation, rules that judicial birching of a juvenile breaches Article 3.<ref>[http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/ Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children] (2012). Retrieved 1 May 2012. "Key Judgements." The ruling concerned the Isle of Man, a UK Crown Dependency.</ref>
* 1985: [[Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice]], or Beijing Rules, [[United Nations]] ([[UN]]). Rule 17.3: "Juveniles shall not be subject to corporal punishment."
** '''1990''' Supplement: ''Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty''. Rule 67: "...all disciplinary measures constituting cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment shall be strictly prohibited, including corporal punishment..."
* '''1990''': ''Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency'', the Riyadh Guidelines, UN. Paragraph 21(h): education systems should avoid "harsh disciplinary measures, particularly corporal punishment."
* 1966: [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]], UN, with currently 167 parties, 74 signatories.<ref>UN (2012) "4 . [http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901184638/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en |date=1 September 2010 }}," United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.</ref> Article 7: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment..."
** '''1992''': [[Human Rights Committee]], overseeing its implementation, comments: "the prohibition must extend to corporal punishment . . . in this regard . . . article 7 protects, in particular, children, . . .."<ref>UN Human Rights Committee (1992) [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/gencomm/hrcom20.htm "General Comment No. 20".] HRI/GEN/1/Rev.4.: p. 108</ref>
* 1984: [[Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment]], UN, with currently 150 parties and 78 signatories.<ref>UN (2012) "9 . [http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9&chapter=4&lang=en Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108052518/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9&chapter=4&lang=en |date=8 November 2010 }}. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.</ref>
** '''1996''': [[United Nations Convention against Torture#Committee against Torture|Committee Against Torture]], overseeing its implementation, condemns corporal punishment.<ref>UN (1996) General Assembly Official Records, Fiftieth Session, A/50/44, 1995: par. 177, and A/51/44, 1996: par. 65(i).</ref>
* 1966: [[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]], UN, with currently 160 parties, and 70 signatories.<ref>UN (2012). 3. [http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3&chapter=4&lang=en International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917040858/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3&chapter=4&lang=en |date=17 September 2012 }} United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.</ref> Article 13(1): "education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity..."
** '''1999''': [[Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]], overseeing its implementation, comments: "corporal punishment is inconsistent with the fundamental guiding principle of international human rights law . . . the dignity of the individual."<ref>UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1999) "General Comment on 'The Right to Education'," HRI/GEN/1/Rev.4: 73.</ref>
* 1961: [[European Social Charter]], Council of Europe.
** '''2001''': [[European Committee of Social Rights]], overseeing its implementation, concludes: it is not "acceptable that a society which prohibits any form of physical violence between adults would accept that adults subject children to physical violence."<ref>European Committee of Social Rights 2001. "Conclusions XV – 2," Vol. 1.</ref>