Editing Conscientious objector (section)

==Selective conscientious objection==
[[Air Commodore]] [[Lionel Charlton]], of the British Royal Air Force (RAF), served in the military from 1898 to 1928. In 1923 he selectively refused to serve in the [[RAF Iraq Command]]. (He later went on to serve as [[Air Officer Commanding]] [[No. 3 Group RAF|No 3 Group]].)<ref>[[Sven Lindqvist]], "A History of Bombing" (''Nu dog du: bombernas århundrade''), 1999, relevant quotation at [http://www.columbia.edu/~lnp3/mydocs/culture/lawrence.htm]</ref>

On 4 June 1967, [[John Courtney Murray]], an American [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] and theologian, delivered an address at [[Western Maryland College]] concerning a more specific type of conscientious objection: "the issue of selective conscientious objection, conscientious objection to particular wars, or as it is sometimes called, discretionary armed service."<ref name="Murray">{{cite web| url = http://woodstock.georgetown.edu/library/Murray/1967L.htm| title = Selective Conscientious Objection; Editor Note: An address given at Western Maryland College, June 4, 1967. First published as pamphlet entitled "Selective Conscientious Objection" by Our Sunday Visitor (Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, Inc.). Republished as "War and Conscience" in A Conflict of Loyalties: The Case for Selective Conscientious Objected, 19–30, ed. by James Finn, (New York: Gegasus, 1968).| first = John Courtney| last = Murray| publisher = Woodstock Theological Center| date = 1967-06-04| access-date = 2008-09-25| archive-date = 2008-06-14| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080614225829/http://woodstock.georgetown.edu/library/Murray/1967L.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

On 8 March 1971, the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] ruled in the case of ''[[Gillette v. United States]]'' that "the exemption for those who oppose 'participation in war in any form' applies to those who oppose participating in all war and not to those who object to participation in a particular war only."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=401&invol=437|title=FindLaw's United States Supreme Court case and opinions.|website=Findlaw|access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref>

On 14 September 2003, in [[Israel]], [[Refusal to serve in the IDF#Pilots' letter incident|27 reserve pilots and former pilots refused to serve in only specific missions]]. These specific missions included "civilian population centers" in "the [occupied] territories". These pilots clarified: "We ... shall continue to serve in the [[Israel Defense Forces]] and the Air Force for every mission in defense of the state of Israel."<ref>[http://www.seruv.org.il/english/article.asp?msgid=55&type=news Courage to Refuse] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308102144/http://www.seruv.org.il/english/article.asp?msgid=55&type=news |date=2010-03-08 }} Pilots letter</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20031013/infact |title=In Fact... (THE ISRAELI PEACE MOVEMENT TAKES FLIGHT) |author=[[The Nation]] |date=September 23, 2003 |magazine=[[The Nation]] |access-date=2010-01-11}}</ref>

On 25 May 2005, journalist Jack Random wrote the following: "The case of Sergeant [[Kevin Benderman]] ([[List of Iraq War resisters|Iraq War Resister]]) raises the burning issue of selective conscientious objection: While it is universally accepted that an individual cannot be compelled against conscience to war in general, does the same hold for an individual who objects, in the depths of the soul, to a particular war?"<ref>{{cite news|first= Jack|last= Random|title= Just Say No: The Case for Selective Conscientious Objection |work=Buzzle |date= 25 May 2005 }}</ref>