Editing Comitative case (section)

===Uralic languages===

====Estonian====

In Estonian, the comitative ({{lang|et|kaasaütlev}}) marker is the suffix {{lang|et|-ga}}.<ref name=Stolz2006 />{{rp|90}}

{{interlinear|indent=3|lang=et
|ja Barber rüüpa-b koos Balthasari-ga sügava sõõmu
|and Barber drink-3SG together Balthasar-COM deep.GEN mouthful.GEN
|'And Barber takes a sip together with Balthasar.'<ref name=Stolz2006 />{{rp|90}}}}

====Finnish====
In Finnish, the comitative case ({{lang|fi|komitatiivi}}) consists of the suffix {{lang|fi|-ne}} with adjectives and {{lang|fi|-ne-}} + a mandatory [[possessive suffix]] with the main noun. There is no singular-plural distinction; only the plural of the comitative exists and is used in both singular and plural senses, and thus it always appears as {{lang|fi|-ine-}}.  For instance, "with their big ships" is

{{interlinear|indent=3|lang=fi
|suuri-ne laivo-i-ne-en
|big-COM ship-OBL-PL-COM-POS.3PL
}}
while "with his/her big ships" is
{{interlinear|indent=3|lang=fi
|suuri-ne laivo-i-ne-nsa
|big-COM ship-OBL-PL-COM-POS.3SG
|}}

It is rarely used and is mainly a feature of formal literary language, appearing very rarely in everyday speech.

The much more common, less formal way of expressing "with" is with the postposition {{lang|fi|kanssa}}, e.g., {{lang|fi|suurten laivojensa kanssa}} {{gloss|with their big ships}}. The two forms may contrast, however, since the comitative always comes with the possessive suffix and thus can only be used when the agent has some sort of possession of the thing expressed by the main noun. For instance, {{lang|fi|Ulkoministeri jatkaa kollegoineen neuvotteluja sissien kanssa}}, {{gloss|The foreign minister, with [assistance from] his colleagues, is continuing the negotiations with the guerrillas}}, has {{lang|fi|kollegoineen}} {{gloss|with his colleagues}} contrasted with {{lang|fi|sissien kanssa}} {{gloss|with the guerrillas}}, the former "possessed", the latter not.

Colloquial Finnish also has the postposition {{lang|fi|kaa}}, derived from {{lang|fi|kanssa}} and cognate with the Estonian {{lang|et|-ga}}. With pronouns it is written as a suffix, {{lang|fi|-kaa}}. Compare also [[Ingrian language|Ingrian]] {{lang|izh|-nka/-nkä}}, e.g., {{lang|izh|talonka}} {{gloss|with a house}}.

{{interlinear|indent=3|lang=fi
|mun-kaa
|1SG.GEN-with
|'with me'}}

{{interlinear|indent=3|lang=fi
|mun kavereitten kaa
|1SG-GEN friend-GEN-PL with
|'with my friends'}}

====Sami languages====
As there are many [[Sami languages]] there are variations between them. In the largest Sami language, [[Northern Sami]], the comitative case means either communion, fellowship, connection - or instrument, tool. It can be used either as an [[Object (grammar)|object]] or as an [[adverbial]].

It is expressed through the suffix {{lang|se|-in}} in the singular and {{lang|se|-iguin}} in the plural.

An example of the object use in Northern Sami is {{lang|se|Dat láve álo riidalit isidi'''in'''}} {{gloss|She always argues '''with''' her husband}}. An example of the adverbial use is {{lang|se|Mun čálán bleahka'''in'''}} {{gloss|I write '''with''' ink}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nickel|first=Klaus Peter|title=Samisk Grammatikk |trans-title=Sami Grammar|edition=2nd|year=1994|location=Karasjok, Norway|publisher=Davvi Girji|page=399}}</ref>

====Hungarian====
{{see also|Sociative case}}

In Hungarian, comitative case is marked by the suffix {{lang|hu|-stul/-stül}}, as shown in the example below.<ref name=Kenesei>{{cite book|last1=Kenesei|last2=Vago|last3=Fenyvesi|first1=István|first2=Robert M.|first3=Anna|title=Hungarian|year=1998|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbGclNrVEEAC&q=comitative|pages=212–213|isbn=9780415021395}}</ref>

{{interlinear|indent=3|lang=hu
|ruhá-stul és cipő-stül feküd-t-em az ágy-ban
|clothes-COM and shoe-COM lie-PAST-INDEF.1SG the bed-INE
|'I was lying in bed with my clothes and shoes on.'<ref name=Kenesei />}}

However, the comitative case marker cannot be used if the companion  has a plural marker. So when the comitative marker is added to a noun, it obscures whether that noun is singular or plural.<ref name=Kenesei />

{{interlinear|indent=3|lang=hu
|gyerek-estül men-t-ek nyaral-ni
|child-COM go-PAST-INDEF.3PL vacation-INF
|'They went on vacation with their child/children.'<ref name=Kenesei />}}