Editing Columbia, Missouri (section)

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|type= USA
|1823|130
|1830|600
|1840|750
|1850|651
|1860|1414
|1870|2236
|1880|3326
|1890|4000
|1900|5651
|1910|9662
|1920|10392
|1930|14967
|1940|18399
|1950|31974
|1960|36650
|1970|58521
|1980|62061
|1990|69101
|2000|84531
|2010|108500
|2020|126254
|2023|129330
|align-fn= center
|source={{center|U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016|df=mdy }}</ref>}}
|footnote=For the year 1850, slaves and free minorities were not counted.<br />U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 1, 2015|df=mdy }}</ref>
|2025|131,345}}

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov| access-date=2023-08-22 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> counted 126,254 people, 49,371 households, and 25,144 families in Columbia. The population density was {{convert|1,879.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 53,746 housing units at an average density of {{convert|800.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 72.49% (91,516) White, 11.91% (15,038) Black or African-American, 0.32% (398) Native American, 5.61% (7,084) Asian, 0.07% (89) Pacific Islander, 2.17% (2,734) from other races, and 7.44% (9,395) from two or more races.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=United States Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/columbiacitymissouri/PST045224 |access-date=April 28, 2025 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] census.gov}}</ref> Hispanic or Latino of any race was 4.9% (6,195) of the population.<ref name=2020CensusP2/>

Of the 49,371 households, 24.0% had children under the age of 18; 38.7% were married couples living together; 31.4% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 34.7% were individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3.0.<ref name=":2" />

18.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 23.8% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 89.8 males.<ref name=":2" />

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov|access-date=2023-08-22|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> estimates show that the median household income was $53,447 (with a margin of error of +/- $2,355) and the median family income $81,392 (+/- $5,687). Males had a median income of $30,578 (+/- $2,131) versus $23,705 (+/- $1,849) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $26,870 (+/- $1,429). Approximately, 8.5% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 15.7% of those under the age of 18 and 5.2% of those ages 65 or over.<ref name=":2" />

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Columbia, Missouri – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br /><small>{{nobold|''Note: the U.S. census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Columbia city, Missouri |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US2915670&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Columbia city, Missouri |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2915670&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Columbia city, Missouri |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2915670&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|67,984
|83,542
|style='background: #ffffe6; |89,814
|80.42%
|77.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |71.14%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|9,106
|12,083
|style='background: #ffffe6; |14,858
|10.77%
|11.14%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |11.77%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|303
|296
|style='background: #ffffe6; |273
|0.36%
|0.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.22%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|3,624
|5,604
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7,056
|4.29%
|5.16%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.59%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|29
|59
|style='background: #ffffe6; |87
|0.03%
|0.05%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.07%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|174
|227
|style='background: #ffffe6; |724
|0.21%
|0.21%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.57%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|1,578
|2,960
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7,247
|1.87%
|2.73%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.74%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|1,733
|3,729
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6,195
|2.05%
|3.44%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.91%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''84,531'''
|'''108,500'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''126,254'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2010 census===
As of the census of 2010, 108,500 people, 43,065 households, and 21,418 families resided in the city.<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=July 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steffen |first=Caitlin |date=2011-04-23 |title=Columbia, Boone County report growth in 2010 census |url=https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/columbia-boone-county-report-growth-in-2010-census/article_42e73328-a9aa-579c-98a5-bb681cb4c2d0.html |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Columbia Missourian |language=en}}</ref> The population density was {{convert|1720.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}.<ref>[https://www.como.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/FY2008-FY2017-Ten-Year-Trend-Manual.pdf Columbia, Missouri Ten Financial Year Trend Line]</ref> There were 46,758 housing units at an average density of {{convert|741.2|/sqmi|/km2|1}}.<ref>[https://usa.ipums.org/usa/resources/voliii/pubdocs/2010/CPH-2.%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Unit%20Counts/cph-2-27.pdf Missouri: 2010]</ref> The racial makeup of the city was 79.0% White, 11.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 5.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.4% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bryans |date=2013-02-14 |title=2010 Census Data |url=https://oa.mo.gov/budget-planning/demographic-information/2010-census-data |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Missouri Office of Administration |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Feinberg |first=Srijita Datta and Allie |date=2021-09-18 |title=The 2020 Census sheds light on Boone County growth |url=https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/local/the-2020-census-sheds-light-on-boone-county-growth/article_f30bd862-17e3-11ec-a793-db9a21b01b27.html |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=Columbia Missourian |language=en}}</ref>

There were 43,065 households, of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.3% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city the population was spread out, with 18.8% of residents under the age of 18; 27.3% between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% from 25 to 44; 18.6% from 45 to 64; and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age in the city was 26.8 years. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2000, there were 84,531 people, 33,689 households, and 17,282 families residing in the city.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website |df=mdy }}</ref> The population density was {{convert|1,592.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 35,916 housing units at an average density of {{convert|676.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 81.54% White, 10.85% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 4.30% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.81% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.05% of the population.<ref name="GR2" />

There were 33,689 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.7% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.92.<ref name="GR2" />

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.7% under the age of 18, 26.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.<ref name="GR2" />

The [[median income]] for a household in the city was $33,729, and the median income for a family was $52,288. Males had a median income of $34,710 versus $26,694 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,507. About 9.4% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="GR2" /> However, traditional statistics of income and poverty can be misleading when applied to cities with high student populations, such as Columbia.<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/poverty/cb13-tps73.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801112834/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/poverty/cb13-tps73.html |archive-date=August 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |title=When Off-Campus College Students are Excluded, Poverty Rates Fall in Many College Towns - Poverty - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=November 10, 2014}}</ref><ref name="policyblognh">{{cite web|url=http://www.policyblognh.org/policy_blog_nh/2011/11/a-study-in-poverty-or-how-college-towns-skew-census-data.html|title=A study in poverty, or how college towns skew Census data - Policy Blog NH|publisher=policyblognh.org|access-date=November 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110233521/http://www.policyblognh.org/policy_blog_nh/2011/11/a-study-in-poverty-or-how-college-towns-skew-census-data.html|archive-date=November 10, 2014|url-status=usurped|df=mdy-all}}</ref>