Editing Colombia (section)

===21st century===
{{See also|Colombian peace process}}
[[File:Jefa de Estado participa en ceremonia de la Firma de la Paz entre el Gobierno de Colombia y las FARC E.P. (29953487045).jpg|thumb|Former President [[Juan Manuel Santos]] signing a [[Colombian peace process|peace accord]]]]
The administration of President [[Álvaro Uribe]] (2002–2010) adopted the [[democratic security policy]] which included an integrated [[counter-terrorism]] and [[counter-insurgency]] campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/desmovilizacion-principal-arma-contra-las-guerrillas_13077339-4 |title=Desmovilización, principal arma contra las guerrillas |trans-title=Demobilization, main weapon against the guerrillas |first=Juan Guillermo |last=Mercado |work=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]] |language=es |date=22 September 2013 |access-date=26 September 2013 |archive-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923064310/http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/desmovilizacion-principal-arma-contra-las-guerrillas_13077339-4 |url-status=live }}</ref> The government economic plan also promoted confidence in investors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://som.yale.edu/news/news/former-colombian-president-alvaro-uribe-speaks-yale-som |title=Former Colombian President Alvaro Uribe Speaks at Yale SOM |publisher=Yale School of Management |date=3 December 2012 |access-date=25 June 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220195312/https://som.yale.edu/news/news/former-colombian-president-alvaro-uribe-speaks-yale-som |url-status=dead }}</ref> As part of a controversial peace process, the [[United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia|AUC]] (right-wing paramilitaries) had ceased to function formally as an organization .<ref name="CIAWFB">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Colombia|access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> In February 2008, millions of Colombians demonstrated against FARC and other outlawed groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.movements.org/case-study/entry/oscar-morales-and-one-million-voices-against-farc/ |title=Oscar Morales and One Million Voices Against FARC |website=Movements.org |date=23 July 2010 |access-date=1 April 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022220325/http://www.movements.org/case-study/entry/oscar-morales-and-one-million-voices-against-farc/ |archive-date=22 October 2013 }}</ref>

After peace negotiations in [[Cuba]], the [[Government of Colombia|Colombian government]] of President [[Juan Manuel Santos]] and the [[guerrillas]] of the FARC-EP announced a final agreement to end the conflict.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.altocomisionadoparalapaz.gov.co/mesadeconversaciones/index.html|title=Colombia's peace deals|publisher=altocomisionadoparalapaz.gov.co|access-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914085318/http://www.altocomisionadoparalapaz.gov.co/mesadeconversaciones/index.html|archive-date=14 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, a [[Colombian peace agreement referendum, 2016|referendum]] to ratify the deal was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-37537252 |title=Colombia referendum: Voters reject Farc peace deal |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=3 October 2016 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930152644/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-37537252 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Plebiscito 2 octubre 2016 – Boletín Nacional No. 53 |url=http://plebiscito.registraduria.gov.co/99PL/DPLZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ_L1.htm |publisher=Registraduría Nacional de Estado Civil |date=2 October 2016 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003083638/http://plebiscito.registraduria.gov.co/99PL/DPLZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ_L1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Afterward, the Colombian government and the FARC signed a revised [[Colombian peace process|peace deal]] in November 2016,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-38096179 |title=Colombia signs new peace deal with Farc |date=24 November 2016 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=28 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228195756/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-38096179 |url-status=live }}</ref> which the [[Colombian congress]] approved.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/colombian-congress-approves-historic-peace-deal/2016/11/30/9b2fda92-b5a7-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html |title=Colombia's congress approves historic peace deal with FARC rebels |date=30 November 2016 |first1=Joshua |last1=Partlow |first2=Nick |last2=Miroff |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=1 December 2016 |archive-date=1 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201090410/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/colombian-congress-approves-historic-peace-deal/2016/11/30/9b2fda92-b5a7-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, President Santos was awarded the [[2016 Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2016/santos-lecture_en.html|title=Nobel Lecture by Juan Manuel Santos, Oslo, 10 December 2016|website=NobelPrize.org|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-date=10 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210204701/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2016/santos-lecture_en.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Government began a process of attention and comprehensive reparation for victims of conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/normatividad/LEY+DE+VICTIMAS.pdf |title=The Victims and Land Restitution Law |publisher=unidadvictimas.gov.co |access-date=21 December 2014 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925110822/http://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/normatividad/LEY%2BDE%2BVICTIMAS.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.restituciondetierras.gov.co/inicio |title=the Land Restitution Unit |publisher=restituciondetierras.gov.co |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-date=4 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104000003/https://www.restituciondetierras.gov.co/inicio |url-status=dead }}</ref> Colombia shows modest progress in the struggle to defend human rights, as expressed by [[Human Rights Watch|HRW]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://colombiareports.co/colombia-has-improved-under-santos-human-rights-watch/ |title=Colombia has improved under Santos: Human Rights Watch |first=Toni |last=Peters |work=[[Colombia Reports]] |date=12 October 2011 |access-date=31 March 2015 |archive-date=13 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413201236/http://colombiareports.co/colombia-has-improved-under-santos-human-rights-watch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[Special Jurisdiction of Peace]] has been created to investigate, clarify, prosecute and punish serious human rights violations and grave breaches of [[international humanitarian law]] which occurred during the armed conflict and to satisfy victims' right to [[justice]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ABC Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz|url=http://www.altocomisionadoparalapaz.gov.co/Documents/informes-especiales/abc-del-proceso-de-paz/abc-jurisdiccion-especial-paz.html|publisher=Oficina del Alto Comisionado para la Paz|access-date=24 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005125954/http://www.altocomisionadoparalapaz.gov.co/Documents/informes-especiales/abc-del-proceso-de-paz/abc-jurisdiccion-especial-paz.html|archive-date=5 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> During his visit to Colombia, [[Pope Francis]] paid tribute to the victims of the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/09/08/pope_at_colombia_prayer_meeting_for_reconciliation_weeps_wit/1335635 |title=Pope at Colombia prayer meeting for reconciliation weeps with victims |date=8 September 2017 |website=radiovaticana.va |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909034315/http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/09/08/pope_at_colombia_prayer_meeting_for_reconciliation_weeps_wit/1335635 |archive-date=9 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Inauguration_Petro.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gustavo Petro]], the country's first [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] president]]

In June 2018, [[Iván Duque]], the candidate of the right-wing [[Democratic Center (Colombia)|Democratic Center]] party, won the presidential [[2018 Colombian presidential election|election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Colombia's president-elect Duque wants to 'unite country' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44513368 |publisher=BBC News |date=18 June 2018 |access-date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=18 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618011841/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44513368 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 7 August 2018, he was sworn in as the new [[President of Colombia]] to succeed Juan Manuel Santos.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iván Duque: Colombia's new president sworn into office|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45107063|publisher=BBC News|date=8 August 2018|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030105110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45107063|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2010 Colombia–Venezuela diplomatic crisis|Colombia's relations with Venezuela]] have fluctuated due to ideological differences between the two governments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-10926003 |title=Colombia and Venezuela restore diplomatic relations |publisher=BBC News |date=11 August 2010 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613030309/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-10926003 |url-status=live }}</ref> Colombia has offered [[Humanitarian aid|humanitarian support]] with food and medicines to mitigate the shortage of supplies in Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://es.presidencia.gov.co/noticia/180111-Colombia-reitera-ofrecimiento-de-ayuda-humanitaria-a-Venezuela |title=Colombia reitera ofrecimiento de ayuda humanitaria a Venezuela |trans-title=Colombia reiterates offer of humanitarian aid to Venezuela |date=11 January 2018 |language=es |website=Presidencia.gov.co |access-date=12 January 2018 |archive-date=12 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112025350/http://es.presidencia.gov.co/noticia/180111-Colombia-reitera-ofrecimiento-de-ayuda-humanitaria-a-Venezuela |url-status=live }}</ref> Colombia's Foreign Ministry said that all efforts to resolve [[Crisis in Venezuela (2012–present)|Venezuela's crisis]] should be peaceful.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://es.presidencia.gov.co/noticia/170812-Comunicado-de-prensa-del-Ministerio-de-Relaciones-Exteriores |title=Comunicado de prensa del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |trans-title=Press release of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=2 June 2017 |language=es |website=Presidencia.gov.co |access-date=13 August 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813113834/http://es.presidencia.gov.co/noticia/170812-Comunicado-de-prensa-del-Ministerio-de-Relaciones-Exteriores |url-status=live }}</ref> Colombia proposed the idea of the [[Sustainable Development Goals]] and a final document was adopted by the United Nations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caballero |first=Paula |author-link=Paula Caballero |date=20 September 2016 |title=A Short History of the SDGS. |url=http://impakter.com/short-history-sdgs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008122103/http://impakter.com/short-history-sdgs/ |archive-date=8 October 2017 |access-date=8 October 2017 |website=Impakter.com}}</ref> In February 2019, Venezuelan president [[Nicolás Maduro]] cut off diplomatic relations with Colombia after Colombian President Ivan Duque had helped Venezuelan opposition politicians deliver humanitarian aid to their country. Colombia recognized Venezuelan opposition leader [[Juan Guaidó]] as the country's legitimate president. In January 2020, Colombia rejected Maduro's proposal that the two countries restore diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Colombia rejects Venezuelan proposal to resume diplomatic relations|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-venezuela-idUSKBN1ZT30R|publisher=Reuters|date=30 January 2020|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421065909/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-venezuela-idUSKBN1ZT30R|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[2021 Colombian protests|Protests]] started on 28 April 2021 when the government proposed a tax bill that would greatly expand the range of the 19 percent [[value-added tax]].<ref name="nyb220721">{{cite news |last1=Guillermoprieto |first1=Alma |title=Confrontation in Colombia {{!}} by Alma Guillermoprieto {{!}} The New York Review of Books |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2021/07/22/confrontation-in-colombia/ |date=22 July 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021 |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701142820/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2021/07/22/confrontation-in-colombia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The 19 June 2022 [[2022 Colombian presidential election|election]] run-off vote ended in a win for former guerrilla, [[Gustavo Petro]], taking 50.47% of the vote compared to 47.27% for independent candidate [[Rodolfo Hernández Suárez|Rodolfo Hernández]]. The single-term limit for the country's presidency prevented President Iván Duque from seeking re-election. On 7 August 2022, Petro was sworn in, becoming the country's first leftist president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former guerrilla Gustavo Petro wins Colombian election to become first leftist president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/20/former-guerrilla-gustavo-petro-wins-colombian-election-to-become-first-leftist-president |work=The Guardian |date=20 June 2022 |language=en |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802080758/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/20/former-guerrilla-gustavo-petro-wins-colombian-election-to-become-first-leftist-president |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-rebel takes oath as Colombia's first left-wing president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/8/gustavo-petro-ex-rebel-fighter-sworn-in-as-colombias-president |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en |access-date=8 August 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808091808/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/8/gustavo-petro-ex-rebel-fighter-sworn-in-as-colombias-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref>