Editing Coke (fuel) (section)

==Uses==
Coke can be used as a [[fuel]] and as a [[reducing agent]] in [[smelting]] [[iron ore]] in a [[blast furnace]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Coke|volume=6|page=657}}</ref> The carbon monoxide produced by combustion of coke reduces [[iron oxide]] ([[hematite]]) to produce [[iron]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Science Aid: Blast Furnace |url= http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/applied/blastfurnace.html |access-date= 2021-10-13}}</ref> 
:<chem>Fe2O3 + 3CO -> 2Fe + 3CO2</chem>.

Coke is commonly used as fuel for [[blacksmith]]ing.

Coke was used in Australia in the 1960s and early 1970s for house heating,{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} and was incentivized for home use in the UK (so as to displace coal) after the 1956 Clean Air Act, which was passed in response to the [[Great Smog of London]] in 1952.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

Since [[smoke]]-producing constituents are driven off during the coking of coal, coke forms a desirable fuel for [[stove]]s and [[Furnace (house heating)|furnace]]s in which conditions are not suitable for the complete burning of [[bituminous coal]] itself. Coke may be combusted producing little or no smoke, while bituminous coal would produce much smoke. Coke was widely used as a [[smokeless fuel]] substitute for coal in domestic heating following the creation of "[[Clean Air Act 1956|smokeless zones]]" in the United Kingdom.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

[[Highland Park distillery]] in [[Orkney]] roasts malted barley for use in their [[Scotch whisky]] in [[kiln]]s burning a mixture of coke and [[peat]].<ref>[[The Scotch Malt Whisky Society]]: Highland Park: Where the peat still reeks in the old way {{cite web |url=http://www.smwsa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=2 |title=The Scotch Malt Whisky Society - USA |access-date=22 February 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716095746/http://www.smwsa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=2 |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref>

Coke may be used to make synthesis gas, a mixture of [[carbon monoxide]] and [[hydrogen]].
* [[Syngas]]; [[water gas]]: a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, made by passing steam over red-hot coke (or any carbon-based char). [[Hydrocarbonate (gas)]] is identical, although it emerged in the late eighteenth century as an inhalation therapeutic developed by [[Thomas Beddoes]] and [[James Watt]] categorized under [[factitious airs]] 
* [[Producer gas]]; [[wood gas]]; generator gas; [[Syngas|synthetic gas]]: a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and [[nitrogen]], made by passing air over red-hot coke (or any carbon-based char)
* Coke oven gas generated from coke ovens is similar to Syngas with 60% hydrogen by volume.<ref>{{cite web|title=Different Gases from Steel Production Processes|url=https://www.clarke-energy.com/steel-production-gas/|access-date=5 July 2020}}</ref> The hydrogen can be extracted from the coke oven gas economically for [[Hydrogen economy|various uses]] (including steel production).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hybritdevelopment.com/steel-making-today-and-tomorrow |title=Steel making today and tomorrow|access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref>

===In foundry components {{anchor|Industrial processes}}===
Finely ground bituminous coal, known in this application as sea coal, is a constituent of [[foundry sand]]. While the molten metal is in the [[Molding (process)|mould]], the coal burns slowly, releasing [[Reducing agent|reducing gases]] at pressure, and so preventing the metal from penetrating the pores of the sand. It is also contained in 'mould wash', a paste or liquid with the same function applied to the mould before casting.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rao|first=P. N.|title=Manufacturing Technology: Foundry, Forming and Welding|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill|location=New Delhi|year=2007|edition=2|page=107|chapter=Moulding materials|isbn=978-0-07-463180-5}}</ref> Sea coal can be mixed with the clay lining (the "bod") used for the bottom of a [[cupola furnace]]. When heated, the coal decomposes and the bod becomes slightly friable, easing the process of breaking open holes for tapping the molten metal.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kirk|first=Edward|title=Cupola Furnace – A Practical Treatise on the Construction and Management of Foundry Cupolas|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cupolafurnacepra00kirkiala|publisher=Baird|location=Philadelphia|year=1899|page=[https://archive.org/details/cupolafurnacepra00kirkiala/page/95 95]|chapter=Cupola management|oclc=2884198}}</ref>