Editing Coal tar (section)

=== Industry ===
In modern times, coal tar is mostly traded as fuel and an application for tar, such as roofing. The total value of the trade in coal tar is around US$20 billion each year.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://oec.world/en/profile/hs/coal-tar-oil | title=Coal Tar Oil &#124; OEC }}</ref>

* As a fuel.

* In the manufacture of paints, synthetic dyes (notably [[tartrazine]]/Yellow #5), and photographic materials.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Hathaway AW |title=Remediation of Former Manufactured Gas Plants and Other Coal-Tar Sites |date=2011 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group}}</ref>

* For heating or to fire [[boilers]]. Like most heavy oils, it must be heated before it will flow easily.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Speight JG | chapter = Coal gasification processes for synthetic liquid fuel production | veditors = Luque R, Speight JG | title = Gasification for Synthetic Fuel Production | series = Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy |date=2015 |pages=201–220 (212) | publisher = Woodhead | isbn = 978-0-85709-802-3 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-85709-802-3.00009-6 | quote = 9.5.1 Coal tar chemicals: Coal tar is a black or dark brown liquid or a high-viscosity semi-solid that is one of the by-products formed when coal is carbonized. Coal tars are complex and variable mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, and heterocyclic compounds. Because of its flammable composition, coal tar is often used for fire boilers in order to create heat. They must be heated before any heavy oil flows easily.}}</ref>
* As a source of [[carbon black]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Market Study: Carbon Black |url=http://www.ceresana.com/en/market-studies/chemicals/carbon-black/ |access-date=2013-04-26 |publisher=Ceresana}}</ref>

* As a binder in manufacturing [[graphite]]; a considerable portion of the materials in "green blocks" is coke oven volatiles (COV). During the baking process of the green blocks as a part of commercial graphite production, most of the coal tar binders are vaporised and are generally burned in an incinerator to prevent release into the atmosphere, as COV and coal tar can be injurious to health.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-02|title=CDC - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH): Coal tar pitch volatiles - NIOSH Publications and Products|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/65996932.html|access-date=2021-10-05|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| vauthors = Speight JG |title=Asphalt materials science and technology|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-800501-9|location=Amsterdam|page=60|oclc=922698102}}</ref>

* As a main component of the [[electrode paste]] used in electric [[arc furnace]]s. Coal tar pitch act as the binder for solid filler that can be either coke or calcined anthracite, forming electrode paste, also widely known as Söderberg electrode paste.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Beukes JP, Roos H, Shoko L, Van Zyl PG, Neomagus HW, Strydom CA, Dawson NF |date= June 2013 |title=The use of thermomechanical analysis to characterise Söderberg electrode paste raw materials |journal=Minerals Engineering |language=en |volume=46-47 |pages=167–176 |doi=10.1016/j.mineng.2013.04.016 |issn=0892-6875|doi-access=free |bibcode= 2013MiEng..46..167B }}</ref>

* As a feed stock for higher-value fractions, such as [[naphtha]], [[creosote]] and [[Pitch (resin)|pitch]].  In the [[coal gas]] era, companies [[distill]]ed coal tar to separate these out, leading to the discovery of many industrial chemicals. 

:Some British companies included:<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Ronalds BF |date=2019|title=Bonnington Chemical Works (1822-1878): Pioneer Coal Tar Company|journal=International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology|volume=89|issue=1–2|pages=73–91|doi=10.1080/17581206.2020.1787807|s2cid=221115202}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Smith M |url= http://www.igg.org.uk/gansg/12-linind/tardis.htm |title=GANSG&nbsp;– Coal Tar Distillers |publisher=Igg.org.uk |access-date=8 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619153801/http://www.igg.org.uk/gansg/12-linind/tardis.htm |archive-date=2013-06-19 }}</ref>

** [[Bonnington Chemical Works]]
** British Tar Products
** Lancashire Tar Distillers
** Midland Tar Distillers
** [[Newton, Chambers & Company]] (owners of Izal brand disinfectant)
** [[Samuel Sadler|Sadlers Chemicals]]