Editing Clove (section)

== Phytochemicals ==
[[File:Eugenol acsv.svg|thumb|right|The compound [[eugenol]] is responsible for most of the characteristic aroma of cloves.]]

[[Eugenol]] comprises 72–90% of the essential oil extracted from cloves, and is the compound most responsible for clove aroma.<ref name="eugenol"/><ref name="pubchem">{{cite web |title=Eugenol |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3314 |publisher=PubChem, US National Library of Medicine |access-date=10 November 2019 |date=2 November 2019}}</ref> Complete [[extract]]ion occurs at 80 minutes in pressurized water at {{convert|125|C}}.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199911/12)14:6<399::AID-FFJ851>3.0.CO;2-A |title=Extraction of clove using pressurized hot water |journal=Flavour and Fragrance Journal |volume=14 |issue=6 |date=7 February 2000 |author1=Rovio, S. |author2=Hartonen, K. |author3=Holm, Y. |author4=Hiltunen, R. |author5=Riekkola, M.-L.|pages=399–404 }}</ref> Ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction methods provide more rapid extraction rates with lower energy costs.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Khalil, A.A. |author2=ur Rahman, U. |author3= Khan, M.R. |author4=Sahar, A. |author5=Mehmood, T. |author6=Khan, M. |title=Essential oil eugenol: sources, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives |journal=RSC Advances |date=2017 |volume=7 |issue=52 |pages=32669–32681 |doi=10.1039/C7RA04803C|doi-access=free |bibcode=2017RSCAd...732669K }}</ref>

Other [[phytochemical]]s of clove oil include acetyl eugenol, beta-[[caryophyllene]], [[vanillin]], [[crategolic acid]], [[tannin]]s, such as [[bicornin]],<ref name="eugenol"/><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Li-Ming Bao, Eerdunbayaer |author2=Nozaki, Akiko |author3=Takahashi, Eizo |author4=Okamoto, Keinosuke |author5=Ito, Hideyuki |author6=Hatano, Tsutomu |title=Hydrolysable tannins isolated from ''Syzygium aromaticum'': Structure of a new c-glucosidic ellagitannin and spectral features of tannins with a tergalloyl group |journal=Heterocycles |year=2012 |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=365–381 |doi=10.3987/COM-11-12392|doi-access=free }}</ref> [[gallotannic acid]], [[methyl salicylate]], the [[flavonoid]]s [[eugenin]], [[kaempferol]], [[rhamnetin]], and [[eugenitin]], tri[[terpenoid]]s such as [[oleanolic acid]], [[stigmasterol]], and [[campesterol]] and several [[sesquiterpene]]s.<ref name=drugs/> Although eugenol has not been classified for its potential [[toxicity]],<ref name=pubchem/> it was shown to be toxic to test organisms in concentrations of 50, 75, and 100&nbsp;mg per liter.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gueretz |first1=Juliano Santos |last2=Somensi |first2=Cleder Alexandre |last3=Martins |first3=Maurício Laterça |last4=Souza |first4=Antonio Pereira de |date=2017-12-07 |title=Evaluation of eugenol toxicity in bioassays with test-organisms |journal=Ciência Rural |volume=47 |issue=12 |doi=10.1590/0103-8478cr20170194 |issn=1678-4596|doi-access=free }}</ref>