Editing Cirth (section)

=== ''Angerthas Erebor'' ===

At the beginning of the [[Third Age]] the Dwarves were driven out of Moria, and some migrated to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]. As the Dwarves of Erebor would trade with the Men of the nearby towns of [[Dale (Middle-earth)|Dale]] and [[Esgaroth|Lake-town]], they needed a script to write in [[Westron]] (the ''[[lingua franca]]'' of Middle-earth, usually rendered in English by Tolkien in his works). The ''Angerthas Moria'' was adapted accordingly: some new cirth were added, while some were restored to their Elvish usage, thus creating the ''Angerthas Erebor''.<ref name="Tolkien 1955"/>

While the ''Angerthas Moria'' was still used to write down Khuzdul, this new script was primarily used for Mannish languages. It is also the script used in the first and third page of the [[Book of Mazarbul]].{{citation needed|reason=a random post on imgur is not a sufficiently reliable source to pass muster under [[WP:RS]]|date=October 2021}}

{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
!''Certh''!!Translit.!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!''Certh''!!Translit.!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!''Certh''!!Translit.!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!''Certh''!!Translit.!![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 1.svg|20px]]||p||{{IPA|/p/}}
|[[File:Certh 16.svg|20px]]||zh||{{IPA|/ʒ/}}
|[[File:Certh 31.svg|20px]]||l||{{IPA|/l/}}
|[[File:Certh 46.svg|20px]]||e||{{IPA|/e/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 2.svg|20px]]||b||{{IPA|/b/}}
|[[File:Certh 17.svg|20px]]||ks||{{IPA|/ks/}}
|colspan="3"|
|colspan="3"|
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 3.svg|20px]]||f||{{IPA|/f/}}
|[[File:Certh 18.svg|20px]]||k||{{IPA|/k/}}
|[[File:Certh 33.svg|20px]]||nd||{{IPA|/nd/}}
|[[File:Certh 48.svg|20px]]||a||{{IPA|/a/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 4.svg|20px]]||v||{{IPA|/v/}}
|[[File:Certh 19.svg|20px]]||g||{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|[[File:Certh 34.svg|20px]]||rowspan="2"|s||rowspan="2"|{{IPA|/s/}}
|colspan="3"|
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 5.svg|20px]]||hw||{{IPA|/ʍ/}}
|[[File:Certh 20.svg|20px]]||kh||{{IPA|/x/}}
|[[File:Certh 35.svg|20px]]
|[[File:Certh 50.svg|20px]]||o||{{IPA|/o/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 6.svg|20px]]||m||{{IPA|/m/}}
|[[File:Certh 21.svg|20px]]||gh||{{IPA|/ɣ/}}
|[[File:Certh 36.svg|20px]]||ŋ||{{IPA|/ŋ/}}
|colspan="3"|
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 7.svg|20px]]||mb||{{IPA|/mb/}}
|[[File:Certh 22.svg|20px]]||n||{{IPA|/n/}}
|[[File:Certh 37.svg|20px]]||ng||{{IPA|/ŋɡ/}}
|[[File:Certh 52.svg|20px]]&nbsp;<span style="font-size:65%">or</span>&nbsp;[[File:Certh 52a.svg|20px]]||ö||{{IPA|/œ/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 8.svg|20px]]||t||{{IPA|/t/}}
|[[File:Certh 23.svg|20px]]||kw||{{IPA|/kʷ/}}
|colspan="3"|
|[[File:Certh 53.svg|20px]]||n||{{IPA|/n/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 9.svg|20px]]||d||{{IPA|/d/}}
|[[File:Certh 24.svg|20px]]||gw||{{IPA|/ɡʷ/}}
|[[File:Certh 39.svg|20px]]||i||{{IPA|/i/}}
|[[File:Certh 54.svg|20px]]||h||{{IPA|/h/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 10.svg|20px]]||th||{{IPA|/θ/}}
|[[File:Certh 25.svg|20px]]||khw||{{IPA|/xʷ/}}
|[[File:Certh 40.svg|20px]]||y||{{IPA|/j/}}
|[[File:Certh 55.svg|20px]]&nbsp;<span style="font-size:65%">or</span>&nbsp;[[File:Certh 55a.svg|20px]]||||{{IPA|/ə/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 11.svg|20px]]||dh||{{IPA|/ð/}}
|[[File:Certh 26.svg|20px]]||ghw||{{IPA|/ɣʷ/}}
|[[File:Certh 41.svg|20px]]||hy||{{IPA|/j̊/}} or {{IPA|/ç/}}
|[[File:Certh 56.svg|20px]]&nbsp;<span style="font-size:65%">or</span>&nbsp;[[File:Certh 56a.svg|20px]]||||{{IPA|/ʌ/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 12.svg|20px]]||r||{{IPA|/r/}}
|[[File:Certh 27.svg|20px]]||ngw||{{IPA|/ŋɡʷ/}}
|[[File:Certh 42.svg|20px]]||u||{{IPA|/u/}}
|[[File:Certh 57.svg|20px]]||ps||{{IPA|/ps/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 13.svg|20px]]||ch||{{IPA|/tʃ/}}
|[[File:Certh 28.svg|20px]]||nw||{{IPA|/nʷ/}}
|[[File:Certh 43.svg|20px]]||z||{{IPA|/z/}}
|[[File:Certh 58.svg|20px]]||ts||{{IPA|/ts/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 14.svg|20px]]||j||{{IPA|/dʒ/}}
|[[File:Certh 29.svg|20px]]||g||{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|[[File:Certh 44.svg|20px]]||w||{{IPA|/w/}}
|[[File:Certh 59.svg|20px]]||+h||{{IPA|/◌ʰ/}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 15.svg|20px]]||sh||{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|[[File:Certh 30.svg|20px]]||gh||{{IPA|/ɣ/}}
|[[File:Certh 45.svg|20px]]&nbsp;<span style="font-size:65%">or</span>&nbsp;[[File:Certh 45a.svg|20px]]||ü||{{IPA|/y/}}
|[[File:Certh 60.svg|20px]]||&||
|}

Angerthas Erebor also features [[combining diacritic]]s:
*a [[circumflex]] [[File:Certh Circumflex.png|16px]] used to denote [[gemination|long consonants]];
*a [[macron below]] [[File:Certh Macron below.png|16px]] to indicate a [[long vowel]] sound;
*an [[dot (diacritic)#Underdot|underdot]] [[File:Certh Underdot.png|16px]] to mark cirth used as [[numerical digits|numerals]]. As a matter of fact, in the Book of Mazarbul some cirth are used as numerals: [[File:Certh 39.svg|16px]] for 1, [[File:Certh 50.svg|16px]] for 2, [[File:Certh 52.svg|16px]] for 3, [[File:Gondolin rune b.svg|16px]] for 4, [[File:Certh 22.svg|16px]] for 5.

[[File:Balin sp2.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.8|The bottom inscription of [[Balin (Middle-earth)|Balin]]'s tomb is written in English using the ''Angerthas Erebor''. It reads left-to-right: "Balin sʌn ov Fu[nd]in lord ov Moria"]]
The ''Angerthas Erebor'' is used twice in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' to write in English:
# in the upper inscription of the title page, where it reads "[dh]ə·lord·ov·[dh]ə·riŋs·translatᵊd·from·[dh]ə·[[Red Book of Westmarch|red·b[oo]k]]'&nbsp;..." (the sentence follows in the bottom inscription, written in Tengwar: "...&nbsp;of Westmarch by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Herein is set forth/ the history of the War of the Ring and the Return of the King as seen by the Hobbits.");
# in the bottom inscription of [[Balin (Middle-earth)|Balin]]'s tomb—being the translation of the upper inscription, which is written in Khuzdul using ''Angerthas Moria''.

The Book of Mazarbul shows some additional cirth used in ''Angerthas Erebor'': one for a double {{angbr|l}} [[Typographic ligature|ligature]], one for the [[Article (grammar)#Definite article|definite article]], and six for the representation of the same number of English [[diphthong]]s:

{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
!''Certh''!!English spelling
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh LL.svg|20px]]{{ref|AE|∗}}||{{angbr|ll}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh Article.svg|20px]]{{ref|AE|∗}}||{{angbr|the}}{{ref|the|[A]}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh AI.svg|20px]]{{ref|AE|∗}}||{{angbr|ai}}, {{angbr|ay}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh AU.svg|20px]]{{ref|AE|∗}}||{{angbr|au}}, {{angbr|aw}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh EA.svg|20px]]{{ref|AE|∗}}||{{angbr|ea}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 47.svg|20px]]||{{angbr|ee}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 38a.svg|20px]]||{{angbr|eu}}, {{angbr|ew}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh OA.svg|20px]]{{ref|AE|∗}}||{{angbr|oa}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 51.svg|20px]]||{{angbr|oo}}
|- align="center"
|[[File:Certh 38.svg|20px]]||{{angbr|ou}}, {{angbr|ow}}
|}

'''Notes:'''

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| align="right" | A. || {{note|the|}}This certh is a [[scribal abbreviation]] used to represent the definite article. Although in English it stands for {{angbr|the}}, it can assume different values according to the used language.
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| align="right" | ∗. || {{note|AE|}}The cirth marked with an asterisk are unique to ''Angerthas Erebor''.
|}