Editing Children's literature (section)

===United Kingdom===
[[File:Alice par John Tenniel 30.png|thumb|left|upright|Illustration from ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'', 1865]]Literature for children had developed as a separate category of literature especially in the [[Victorian era]], with some works becoming internationally known, such as [[Lewis Carroll]]'s ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' (1865) and its sequel ''[[Through the Looking-Glass]]''. Another classic of the period is [[Anna Sewell]]'s animal novel ''[[Black Beauty]]'' (1877). At the end of the Victorian era and leading into the Edwardian era, author and illustrator [[Beatrix Potter]] published ''[[The Tale of Peter Rabbit]]'' in 1902. Potter went on to produce 23 children's books and become very wealthy. A pioneer of character merchandising, in 1903 she patented a [[Peter Rabbit]] doll, making Peter the first [[Brand licensing|licensed character]].<ref>{{cite news |title=How Beatrix Potter Invented Character Merchandising |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/how-beatrix-potter-invented-character-merchandising-180961979/ |access-date=6 October 2022 |work=Smithsonian |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006132101/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/how-beatrix-potter-invented-character-merchandising-180961979/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Peter Rabbit blazed a trail still well trod |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/peter-rabbit-blazed-a-trail-still-well-trod-c9zdfx2c6nk |access-date=6 October 2022 |work=[[The Times]] |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006143043/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/peter-rabbit-blazed-a-trail-still-well-trod-c9zdfx2c6nk |url-status=live }}</ref> Michael O. Tunnell and James S. Jacobs, professors of children's literature at Brigham Young University, write, "Potter was the first to use pictures as well as words to tell the story, incorporating coloured illustration with text, page for page."<ref name="Tunnell 80–86">{{Cite journal |last1=Tunnell |first1=Michael O. |last2=Jacobs |first2=James S. |date=2013-10-01 |title=The Origins and History of American Children's Literature |journal=The Reading Teacher |language=en |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=80–86 |doi=10.1002/TRTR.1201 |issn=1936-2714}}</ref>

[[Rudyard Kipling]] published ''[[The Jungle Book]]'' in 1894. A major theme in the book is abandonment followed by fostering, as in the life of [[Mowgli]], echoing Kipling's own childhood. In the latter years of the 19th century, precursors of the modern picture book were illustrated books of poems and short stories produced by English illustrators [[Randolph Caldecott]], [[Walter Crane]], and [[Kate Greenaway]]. These had a larger proportion of pictures to words than earlier books, and many of their pictures were in colour. Some British artists made their living illustrating novels and children's books, among them [[Arthur Rackham]], [[Cicely Mary Barker]], [[W. Heath Robinson]], [[Henry Justice Ford|Henry J. Ford]], [[John Leech (caricaturist)|John Leech]], and [[George Cruikshank]]. In the 1890s, some of the best known fairy tales from England were compiled in [[Joseph Jacobs]]' ''English Fairy Tales'', including ''[[Jack and the Beanstalk]]'', ''[[Goldilocks and the Three Bears]]'', ''[[The Three Little Pigs]]'', ''[[Jack the Giant Killer]]'' and ''[[Tom Thumb]]''.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales | first = Maria | last = Tatar | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | year = 2002 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ehzvhjL5_W8C&pg=PA206 | pages = 206–211 | isbn=978-0-393-05163-6}}</ref>
[[File:Peter Pan.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Peter Pan statue]] in [[Kensington Gardens]], London]]
The [[Kailyard School]] of Scottish writers, notably [[J. M. Barrie]], creator of ''[[Peter Pan]]'' (1904), presented an idealised version of society and brought fantasy and folklore back into fashion. In 1908, [[Kenneth Grahame]] wrote the children's classic ''[[The Wind in the Willows]]'' and the [[Scouts]] founder [[Robert Baden-Powell]]'s first book, ''[[Scouting for Boys]]'', was published. Inspiration for [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]'s novel ''[[The Secret Garden]]'' (1910) was the [[Great Maytham Hall]] Garden in Kent. While fighting in the trenches for the British Army in World War I, [[Hugh Lofting]] created the character of [[Doctor Dolittle]], who appears in a series of [[Doctor Dolittle#The books|twelve books]].

The Golden Age of Children's Literature ended with [[World War I]]. The period before [[World War II]] was much slower in children's publishing. The main exceptions in England were the publications of ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh]]'' by [[A. A. Milne]] in 1926, ''[[Toytown|Tales of Toytown]]'' by [[Sydney George Hulme Beaman|S.G. Hulme Beaman]] in 1928,<ref>{{cite book|title=Children's Fiction 1900-1950|author=John Cooper, Jonathan Cooper|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited|date=18 June 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Treasure Seekers and Borrowers: Children's books in Britain, 1900-1960|author=Marcus Crouch|publisher=The Library Association|date=December 1962}}</ref> the first ''[[Mary Poppins (book series)|Mary Poppins]]'' book by [[P. L. Travers]] in 1934, ''[[The Hobbit]]'' by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] in 1937, and the Arthurian ''[[The Sword in the Stone (novel)|The Sword in the Stone]]'' by [[T. H. White]] in 1938.<ref>Hunt, Peter (editor) (1996). ''International Companion Encyclopedia Of Children's Literature''. Taylor & Francis. {{ISBN|978-0-203-16812-7}}, pp. 682–683.</ref> Children's mass [[paperback]] books were first released in England in 1940 under the [[Puffin Books]] imprint, and their lower prices helped make book buying possible for children during World War II.<ref>Hunt, Peter (editor) (1996). ''International Companion Encyclopedia Of Children's Literature'', pp. 475–476.</ref> [[Enid Blyton]]'s books have been among the world's bestsellers since the 1930s, selling more than 600 million copies. Blyton's books are still enormously popular and have been translated into almost 90 languages. She wrote on a wide range of topics including education, natural history, fantasy, mystery, and biblical narratives and is best remembered today for her [[Noddy (character)|Noddy]], ''[[The Famous Five (novel series)|The Famous Five]]'', [[The Secret Seven]], and ''[[The Adventure Series]]''.<ref>Ray, Sheila G. (1982), ''The Blyton Phenomenon''. Andre Deutsch, {{ISBN|978-0-233-97441-5}}</ref> The first of these children's stories, ''[[Five on a Treasure Island]]'', was published in 1942.

[[File:Statue of C.S. Lewis, Belfast.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Statue of C. S. Lewis in front of the wardrobe from his Narnia book ''[[The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]'']]
In the 1950s, the book market in Europe began to recover from the effects of the two world wars. An informal literary discussion group associated with the English faculty at the University of Oxford, were the "Inklings", with the major fantasy novelists [[C. S. Lewis]] and [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] as its main members. C. S. Lewis published the first installment of ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]'' series in 1950, while Tolkien is best known, in addition to ''The Hobbit'', as the author of  ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' (1954). Another writer of fantasy stories is [[Alan Garner]] author of ''[[Elidor]]'' (1965), and ''[[The Owl Service]]'' (1967). The latter is an adaptation of the myth of [[Blodeuwedd]] from the ''[[Mabinogion]]'', set in modern [[Wales]] – it won Garner the annual [[Carnegie Medal (literary award)|Carnegie Medal]] from the [[CILIP|Library Association]], recognising the year's best children's book by a British author.<ref name=medal1967>[http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/livingarchive/title.php?id=91 (Carnegie Winner 1967)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106194213/http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/livingarchive/title.php?id=91 |date=2013-01-06 }}. Living Archive: Celebrating the Carnegie and Greenaway Winners. [[CILIP]]. Retrieved 11 July 2012.</ref>

[[Mary Norton (author)|Mary Norton]] wrote ''[[The Borrowers]]'' (1952), featuring tiny people who borrow from humans. [[Dodie Smith]]'s ''[[The Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' was published in 1956. [[Philippa Pearce]]'s ''[[Tom's Midnight Garden]]'' (1958) has Tom opening the garden door at night and entering into a different age. [[William Golding]]'s 1954 novel ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an [[desert island|uninhabited island]] and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.

[[File:MCM 2013 - Willy Wonka & Mad Hatter (8978291669).jpg|thumb|upright|Two people dressed up in costumes inspired by [[Willy Wonka]] (from Roald Dahl's ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]''), and the [[Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)|Hatter]] (from Lewis Carroll's ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'') in London]]
[[Roald Dahl]] wrote children's [[fantasy novels]] which were often inspired from experiences from his childhood, with often unexpected endings, and unsentimental, dark humour.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/once-upon-a-time-there-was-a-man-who-liked-to-make-up-stories-2158052.html Once upon a time, there was a man who liked to make up stories ...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130161349/http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/once-upon-a-time-there-was-a-man-who-liked-to-make-up-stories-2158052.html |date=2012-01-30 }} ''[[The Independent]]'' (Sunday, 12 December 2010)</ref> Dahl was inspired to write ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'' (1964), featuring the eccentric chocolatier [[Willy Wonka]], having grown up near two chocolate makers in England who often tried to steal trade secrets by sending spies into the other's factory.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chocolate Wars, The inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2005/07/real-life-espionage-that-inspired-dahl-s-classic.html |access-date=27 July 2021 |magazine=Slate |quote=During Dahl's childhood, the two largest British candy firms, [[Cadbury]] and [[Rowntree's|Rowntree]], sent so many moles to work in competitors' factories that their spying became legendary |archive-date=27 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727094207/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2005/07/real-life-espionage-that-inspired-dahl-s-classic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His other works include ''[[James and the Giant Peach]]'' (1961), ''[[Fantastic Mr. Fox]]'' (1970), ''[[The BFG]]'' (1982), ''[[The Witches (novel)|The Witches]]'' (1983), and ''[[Matilda (novel)|Matilda]]'' (1988). Starting in 1958, [[Michael Bond]] published more than twenty humorous stories about [[Paddington Bear]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sunderlandecho.com/daily/Happy-birthday-little-bear.4224656.jp |title=Happy birthday little bear – ''Sunderland Echo,'' 26 June 2008 |access-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127024024/http://www.sunderlandecho.com/daily/Happy-birthday-little-bear.4224656.jp |archive-date=27 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Boarding schools in fiction|Boarding schools in literature]] are centred on older pre-adolescent and adolescent school life, and are most commonly set in English [[boarding school]]s. Popular [[school story|school stories]] from this period include [[Ronald Searle]]'s comic ''[[St Trinian's School|St Trinian's]]'' (1949–1953) and his illustrations for [[Geoffrey Willans]]'s ''[[Nigel Molesworth|Molesworth]]'' series, [[Jill Murphy]]'s ''[[The Worst Witch]]'', and the ''[[Jennings (novels)|Jennings]]'' series by [[Anthony Buckeridge]].

[[Ruth Manning-Sanders]]'s first collection, ''[[A Book of Giants]]'', retells a number of [[Giant (mythology)|giant stories]] from around the world. [[Susan Cooper]]'s ''[[The Dark Is Rising]]'' is a five-volume fantasy saga set in England and Wales. [[Raymond Briggs]]' children's picture book ''[[The Snowman (picture book)|The Snowman]]'' (1978) has been adapted as an animation, shown every Christmas on British television. The [[Wilbert Awdry|Reverend. W. Awdry]] and son [[Christopher Awdry|Christopher]]'s ''[[The Railway Series]]'' features [[Thomas the Tank Engine]]. [[Margery Sharp]]'s series ''[[The Rescuers (book)|The Rescuers]]'' is based on a heroic mouse organisation. The third [[Children's Laureate]] [[Michael Morpurgo]] published ''[[War Horse (novel)|War Horse]]'' in 1982. [[Dick King-Smith]]'s novels include ''[[The Sheep-Pig]]'' (1984). [[Diana Wynne Jones]] wrote the young adult fantasy novel ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (novel)|Howl's Moving Castle]]'' in 1986. [[Anne Fine]]'s ''[[Madame Doubtfire]]'' (1987) is based around a family with divorced parents. [[Anthony Horowitz]]'s [[Alex Rider|''Alex Rider'' series]] begins with ''[[Stormbreaker (novel)|Stormbreaker]]'' (2000).

[[File:J. K. Rowling 04-2010.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=photograph|[[J. K. Rowling]] reads from her novel ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'']]
[[Philip Pullman]]'s ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' is an epic trilogy of fantasy novels consisting of ''[[Northern Lights (Pullman novel)|Northern Lights]]'' (1995, published as ''The Golden Compass'' in North America), ''[[The Subtle Knife]]'' (1997), and ''[[The Amber Spyglass]]'' (2000). It follows the coming of age of two children, Lyra Belacqua and Will Parry, as they wander through a series of parallel universes. The three novels have won a number of awards, most notably the 2001 Whitbread Book of the Year prize, won by ''The Amber Spyglass''. ''Northern Lights'' won the Carnegie Medal for children's fiction in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philip-pullman.com/index.php |title=Questions Frequently Asked |website=Philip Pullman |access-date=2019-05-14 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Neil Gaiman]] wrote the dark fantasy novella ''[[Coraline]]'' (2002). His 2008 fantasy, ''[[The Graveyard Book]]'', traces the story of a boy who is raised by the supernatural occupants of a graveyard. In 2001, [[Terry Pratchett]] received the Carnegie Medal (his first major award) for ''[[The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/print/0,,4460677-103690,.html|title= 'Pied Piper' brings belated literary reward | work=The Guardian | location=London | first=John | last=Ezard | date=12 July 2002 | access-date=8 November 2019 }}</ref> [[Cressida Cowell]]'s ''[[How to Train Your Dragon (novel series)|How to Train Your Dragon]]'' series were published between 2003 and 2015.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/22/cressida-cowell-how-to-train-your-dragon-philosophy-now-award-fight-against-stupidity "Children's author Cressida Cowell scoops philosophers' award for fight against stupidity"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143633/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/22/cressida-cowell-how-to-train-your-dragon-philosophy-now-award-fight-against-stupidity |date=2018-06-12 }}. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 15 June 2017</ref>

[[J. K. Rowling]]'s ''[[Harry Potter]]'' fantasy sequence of seven novels chronicles the adventures of the adolescent [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]] [[Harry Potter (character)|Harry Potter]]. The series began with ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]'' in 1997 and ended with the seventh and final book ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'' in 2007; becoming the [[Best selling books|best selling book-series in history]]. The series has been translated into 67 languages,<ref name="Translations for Harry Potter">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm |title=Rowling 'makes £5 every second' |date=3 October 2008 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=17 October 2008 |archive-date=11 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311003331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7649962.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/jun/18/harrypotter.artsandentertainment |title=Harry Potter breaks 400m in sales |date=18 June 2008 |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |access-date=17 October 2008 |location=London |first=Guy |last=Dammann |archive-date=31 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031062921/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/jun/18/harrypotter.artsandentertainment |url-status=live }}</ref> so placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guinness World Records: L. Ron Hubbard Is the Most Translated Author |author=KMaul |url=http://www.kirkusreviews.com/kirkusreviews/tbs_landing.jsp |publisher=The Book Standard |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308213411/http://www.kirkusreviews.com/kirkusreviews/tbs_landing.jsp |archive-date=8 March 2008 |year=2005 |access-date=19 July 2007}}</ref>

====Adventure fiction====

[[File:Treasure-island01.png|thumb|upright|Illustration from Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 pirate adventure ''[[Treasure Island]]'']]
While [[Daniel Defoe]] wrote ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' in 1719 (spawning so many imitations it defined a genre, [[Robinsonade]]), adventure stories written specifically for children began in the nineteenth century. Early examples from British authors include [[Frederick Marryat]]'s ''[[The Children of the New Forest]]'' (1847) and [[Harriet Martineau]]'s ''The Peasant and the Prince'' (1856).<ref>[[Peter Hunt (literary critic)|Hunt, Peter]]. (Editor). ''Children's literature: an illustrated history''. Oxford University Press, 1995. {{ISBN|0-19-212320-3}} (pp. 98–100)</ref>

The Victorian era saw the development of the genre, with [[William Henry Giles Kingston|W. H. G. Kingston]], [[R. M. Ballantyne]] and [[G. A. Henty]] specializing in the production of adventure fiction for boys.<ref name="oxford">Butts, Dennis,"Adventure Books" in [[Jack Zipes|Zipes, Jack]], ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature''. Volume One. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-19-514656-1}} (pp.&nbsp;12–16).</ref> This inspired writers who normally catered to adult audiences to write for children, a notable example being [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s classic [[Piracy|pirate]] story ''[[Treasure Island]]'' (1883).<ref name="oxford" />

In the years after the First World War, writers such as [[Arthur Ransome]] developed the adventure genre by setting the adventure in Britain rather than distant countries. In the 1930s he began publishing his [[Swallows and Amazons series]] of children's books about the school-holiday adventures of children, mostly in the English [[Lake District]] and the [[Norfolk Broads]]. Many of them involve sailing; fishing and camping are other common subjects.<ref>Hugh Brogan, ''The Life of Arthur Ransome''. Jonathan Cape, 1984</ref> [[Biggles]] was a popular series of [[adventure book]]s for young boys, about James Bigglesworth, a fictional pilot and [[adventurer]], by [[W. E. Johns]]. Between 1941 and 1961 there were 60 issues with stories about Biggles,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boysown.info/|title=Boys Own Paper featuring the work of Captain W E Johns|last=rogerharris@biggles.info|website=www.boysown.info|access-date=2017-06-07|archive-date=2017-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609164007/http://boysown.info/|url-status=live}}</ref> and in the 1960s occasional contributors included the BBC astronomer [[Patrick Moore]]. Between 1940 and 1947, W. E. Johns contributed sixty stories featuring the female pilot [[Worrals]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.girlsown.info/ |title=Girls Own Paper featuring the work of Captain W E Johns |last=rogerharris@biggles.info |website=www.girlsown.info |access-date=2017-06-07 |archive-date=2017-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520160249/http://girlsown.info/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Evoking epic themes, [[Richard Adams]]'s 1972 survival and adventure novel ''[[Watership Down]]'' follows a small group of rabbits who escape the destruction of their warren and seek to establish a new home.

[[Geoffrey Trease]] and [[Rosemary Sutcliff]] brought a new sophistication to the historical adventure novel.<ref name="oxford" /><ref>Hunt, 1995, (p. 208–209)</ref> [[Philip Pullman]] in the [[Sally Lockhart]] novels and [[Julia Golding]] in the [[Cat Royal]] series have continued the tradition of the historical adventure.<ref name="oxford" />

====Magazines and comics====
{{see also|Children's comics}}
[[File:Minnie the minx.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Statue of [[Minnie the Minx]], a character from ''[[The Beano]]''. Launched in 1938, the comic is known for its anarchic humour, with ''[[Dennis the Menace and Gnasher|Dennis the Menace]]'' appearing on the cover.]]
An important aspect of British children's literature has been [[comic books]] and [[List of early-20th-century British children's magazines and annuals|magazines]]. Amongst the most popular and longest running comics have been ''[[The Beano]]'' and ''[[The Dandy]]'', both first published in the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-19284222 |title=BBC News, 16 August 2012 |work=BBC News |date=16 August 2012 |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909223416/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-19284222 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/pixar/11766202/Was-Pixars-Inside-Out-inspired-by-The-Beano.html |title=''The Telegraph'', 27 July 2015 |date=27 July 2015 |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-date=12 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412090211/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/pixar/11766202/Was-Pixars-Inside-Out-inspired-by-The-Beano.html |url-status=live }}</ref> British comics in the 20th century evolved from illustrated [[penny dreadful]]s of the Victorian era (featuring [[Sweeney Todd]], [[Dick Turpin]] and ''[[Varney the Vampire]]'').<ref>{{cite journal | url= https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000228860 | title= Horror Comics: The Nasties of the 1950s | author= John Sringhall | journal= [[History Today]] | issue= 7 | volume= 44 | date= July 1994 | access-date= 2010-10-23 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120504231008/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000228860 | archive-date= 4 May 2012 | url-status= live | df= dmy-all }}</ref> First published in the 1830s, according to ''The Guardian'', penny dreadfuls were "Britain's first taste of mass-produced popular culture for the young."<ref>{{cite news |title=Penny dreadfuls: the Victorian equivalent of video games |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/30/penny-dreadfuls-victorian-equivalent-video-games-kate-summerscale-wicked-boy |access-date=3 September 2019 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122215447/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/30/penny-dreadfuls-victorian-equivalent-video-games-kate-summerscale-wicked-boy |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Robin Hood]] featured in a series of penny dreadfuls in 1838 which sparked the beginning of the mass circulation of Robin stories.<ref>{{cite book |title=Swordsmen of the Screen: From Douglas Fairbanks to Michael York |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |page=191}}</ref>

[[Dennis the Menace and Gnasher|Dennis the Menace]] debuted in ''The Beano'' in 1951, while the popular stop-motion characters, [[Wallace and Gromit]], guest-starred in the comic every four weeks from 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://beano.com/beano-max/issue-79|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628023756/http://beano.com/beano-max/issue-79|url-status=dead|title=Issue 79 – The Beano|date=28 June 2013|archive-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> Important early magazines or [[story papers]] for older children were the ''[[Boy's Own Paper]]'', published from 1879 to 1967<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philsp.com/data/data071.html#BOYSOWNMAGAZINEUK |title=Galactic Central |access-date=2017-08-06 |archive-date=2017-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614221614/http://www.philsp.com/data/data071.html#BOYSOWNMAGAZINEUK |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The Girl's Own Paper]]'' published from 1880 until 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philsp.com/data/data207.html |title=Galactic Central |access-date=2017-08-06 |archive-date=2017-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806223302/http://www.philsp.com/data/data207.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1890s, [[Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)|half-penny]] publications succeeded the penny dreadfuls in popularity among British children. These included ''[[Halfpenny Marvel|The Half-penny Marvel]]'' and ''[[Union Jack (magazine)|Union Jack]]''. From 1896, the cover of the half-penny comic ''[[Illustrated Chips]]'' featured the long-running comic strip of the [[tramp]]s Weary Willie and Tired Tim, with its readers including a young [[Charlie Chaplin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=Chris |title=The British Superhero |date=2017 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |page=22}}</ref>

Other story papers for older boys were ''[[The Hotspur]]'' (1933 to 1959) and ''[[The Rover (story paper)|The Rover]]'', which started in 1922 and was absorbed into ''Adventure'' in 1961 and ''[[The Wizard (DC Comics)|The Wizard]]'' in 1963, and eventually folded in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britishcomics.20m.com/home.htm |title=British Comics |access-date=2017-08-06 |archive-date=2017-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806221231/http://www.britishcomics.20m.com/home.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Many prominent authors contributed to the ''Boy's Own Paper'': [[cricket]]er [[W.G. Grace]] wrote for several issues, along with authors Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] and [[R. M. Ballantyne]], as well as [[Robert Baden-Powell]], founder of the [[Scout Movement]]. Contributors to ''The Girl's Own Paper'' included [[Noel Streatfeild]], [[Rosa Nouchette Carey]], [[Sarah Doudney]] (1841–1926), [[Angela Brazil]], [[Richmal Crompton]], [[Fanny Fern]], and [[Baroness Orczy]].

The ''[[Eagle (British comics)|Eagle]]'' was a popular British comic for boys, launched in 1950 by [[Marcus Morris (publisher)|Marcus Morris]], an Anglican vicar from Lancashire. Revolutionary in its presentation and content, it was enormously successful; the first issue sold about 900,000 copies.<ref>Roger Sabin, ''Adult comics: an introduction'' (illustrated ed.), London: Taylor & Francis, 1993, p. 25.</ref><ref name="Science museum">{{Citation |title=Dan Dare and the Birth of Hi-Tech Britain |url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/stories/dan_dare.aspx |publisher=sciencemuseum.org.uk |access-date=19 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721103622/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/stories/dan_dare.aspx | archive-date=21 July 2010 }}</ref> Featured in colour on the front cover was its most recognisable story, "[[Dan Dare]], Pilot of the Future", created with meticulous attention to detail.<ref name="ODNB Hampson">{{Cite ODNB |last=Varah |first=Chad |author-link=Chad Varah |title=Hampson, Frank (1918–1985) |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31192 |access-date=16 June 2010 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31192}}</ref><ref name="Tribute">{{Citation |title=A Tribute to Frank Hampson 1918–1985 |url=http://www.tameside.gov.uk/blueplaque/frankhampson |publisher=tameside.gov.uk |date=12 September 2007 |access-date=24 June 2010 |archive-date=16 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616221541/http://www.tameside.gov.uk/blueplaque/frankhampson |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Times Hampson">{{Citation |last=Crompton |first=Alastair |title=Where Eagle dared |url=http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/598/936/79880174w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS201560409&dyn=5!xrn_10_0_CS201560409&hst_1?sw_aep=mclib |work=[[The Times]]|date=25 October 1985 |page=12 |issue=62278}}</ref> It was first published from 1950 to 1969, and relaunched from 1982 to 1994.<ref>Mike Conroy, ''500 great comicbook action heroes'' (illustrated ed.), London: Collins & Brown, 2002, pp. 362–363.</ref> Its sister comic was ''[[Girl (UK comics)|Girl]]'', whose early issues from 1951 featured the strip "Kitty Hawke and her All-Girl Air Crew". ''[[Roy of the Rovers]]'', an immensely popular comic strip featuring Roy Race, a [[Striker (association football)|striker]] for the fictional football team Melchester Rovers, first appeared in the ''[[Tiger (Fleetway)|Tiger]]'' in 1954.<ref>{{citation |title=The 10 best comic book footballers |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/toptens/story/0,,1098267,00.html |newspaper=The Observer |date=30 November 2003 |access-date=25 March 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224192833/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/toptens/story/0,,1098267,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> First published by [[Martin Handford]] in 1987, more than 73 million ''[[Where's Wally?]]'' picture puzzle books had been sold around the world by 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Where's Wally founder tracks down a fortune |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/jan/22/6 |access-date=6 August 2021 |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721172104/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/jan/22/6 |url-status=live }}</ref>