Editing Chartism (section)

== Ireland ==
In 1842, all eighteen of [[Daniel O'Connell]]'s Irish parliamentary party at Westminster voted in favour of the Chartist petition which, along with its radical democratic demands, included repeal of the [[Acts of Union 1800|1800 Act of Union]], i.e. the restoration of a separate Irish parliament.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pickering |first=Paul |title=Chartism and the Chartists in Manchester and Salford |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-230-37648-9 |location=Basingstoke |page=251, n.45}}</ref> O'Connell had declared himself "a decided advocate of universal suffrage" because no one could properly fix "where the line should be drawn" between servitude and liberty.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Hoppen |first=K Theodore |date=1999 |title=Riding of Tiger: Daniel O'Connell, Reform and Popular Politics in Ireland 1800–1847 |url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/3837/100p121.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the British Academy |issue=100 |pages=121–143}}</ref>{{rp|136}} But the Chartists in England, and in their much smaller number in Ireland, were also to accuse O'Connell of being unreliable and opportunistic in his drive to secure Whig favour.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=Matthew |year=2018 |title=Daniel O'Connell, repeal and Chartism in the age of Atlantic revolutions |url=http://shura.shu.ac.uk/15673/3/Roberts%20-%20Daniel%20O%27Connell%20repeal%20and%20chartism%20%28AM%29.pdf |url-status=live |journal=The Journal of Modern History |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=1–39 |doi=10.1086/695882 |s2cid=157079784 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428182331/http://shura.shu.ac.uk/15673/3/Roberts%20-%20Daniel%20O%27Connell%20repeal%20and%20chartism%20%28AM%29.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2019 |access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

When in 1831 workers in the [[Dublin]] [[Trade union|trades]] created their own political association, O'Connell moved to pack it. The Trades Political Union (TPU) was swamped by 5,000 mostly middle-class repealers<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Reaney |first=Bernard |date=1984 |title=Irish Chartists in Britain and Ireland: rescuing the rank and file |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23195891 |journal=Saothar |volume=10 |pages=(94–103), 97–98 |issn=0332-1169 |jstor=23195891}}</ref> who by acclaim carried O'Connell's resolution calling for the suppression of all secret and illegal combinations, particularly those "manifested among the labouring classes".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holohan |first=Patrick |date=1975 |title=Daniel O'Connell and the Dublin Trades: A Collision, 1837/8 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23194159 |journal=Saothar |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |issn=0332-1169 |jstor=23194159}}</ref> When in 1841 the Chartists held the first meeting of the Irish Universal Suffrage Association (IUSA), a TPU mob broke it up, and O'Connell denounced the association's secretary, Peter Brophy as an [[Orange Order|Orangeman]]. From England, where O'Connor had joined the IUSA in solidarity, Brophy denounced O'Connell in turn as the "enemy of the unrepresented classes".<ref name=":2" />

[[Karl Marx]] was of the view that O'Connell "always incited the Irish against the Chartists", and did so precisely "because they too had inscribed Repeal on their banner". He suggested that O'Connell feared that, in drawing together national and democratic demands, the Chartist influence induce his mass following to revolt against "the established habit of electing place-hunting lawyers" and of seeking "to impress English Liberals".<ref name=":02">Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels (10 December 1869) reprinted in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/subject/ireland/ireland.pdf ''Ireland and the Irish Question''], New York, International Publishers, 1972, p. 397.</ref>