Editing Chad (section)

=== Déby lineage & democracy with second Civil War (1990–present) ===
[[File:Idriss Déby at the White House in 2014.jpg|thumb|upright|Despite internal political opposition, coup attempts, and a civil war, [[Idriss Déby]] continuously ruled Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021]]

Déby attempted to reconcile the rebel groups and reintroduced multiparty politics. Chadians approved a [[Constitution of Chad|new constitution]] by [[1996 Chadian constitutional referendum|referendum]], and in 1996, Déby easily won a [[Chadian presidential election, 1996|competitive presidential election]]. He won a [[Chadian presidential election, 2001|second term]] five years later.<ref>East, Roger & Richard J. Thomas (2003); ''Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders''. Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-126-X}}, p. 100</ref> [[Petroleum|Oil]] exploitation began in Chad in 2003, bringing with it hopes that Chad would, at last, have some chances of peace and prosperity. Instead, internal dissent worsened, and a [[War in Chad (2005–present)|new civil war]] broke out. Déby [[Chadian constitutional referendum, 2005|unilaterally modified the constitution]] to remove the two-term limit on the presidency; this caused an uproar among the civil society and opposition parties.<ref>IPS, "{{lang|fr|Le pétrole au cœur des nouveaux soubresauts au Tchad}}"</ref>

In 2006 Déby won [[Chadian presidential election, 2006|a third mandate]] in elections that the opposition boycotted. Ethnic violence in eastern Chad has increased; the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] has warned that a [[genocide]] like that in [[Darfur conflict|Darfur]] may yet occur in Chad.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6367545.stm Chad may face genocide, UN warns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621153807/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6367545.stm |date=21 June 2022 }}. BBC News, 16 February 2007</ref> [[Battle of N'Djamena (2006)|In 2006]] and [[Battle of N'Djamena (2008)|in 2008]] rebel forces attempted to take the capital by force, but failed on both occasions.<ref>{{cite news | title=Chad's leader asserts he controls | date=6 February 2008 | agency=Associated Press | newspaper=USA Today | url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-02-06-chad_N.htm}}</ref> An agreement for the restoration of harmony between Chad and Sudan, signed 15 January 2010, marked the end of a five-year war.<ref>{{cite book|title=World Report 2011: Chad|date=24 January 2011|url=https://www.hrw.org/en/world-report-2011/chad|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=6 June 2011|archive-date=28 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828072906/http://www.hrw.org/en/world-report-2011/chad|url-status=dead}}</ref> The fix in relations led to the Chadian rebels from Sudan returning home, the opening of the border between the two countries after seven years of closure, and the deployment of a joint force to secure the border. In May 2013, security forces in Chad foiled a coup against President [[Idriss Déby]] that had been in preparation for several months.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chad government foils coup attempt – minister |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-chad-coup-idUKBRE94101H20130502 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306101129/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-chad-coup-idUKBRE94101H20130502 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2016 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |year=2013}}</ref>

Chad is one of the leading partners in a [[Multinational Joint Task Force|West African coalition]] in the [[Boko Haram insurgency|fight]] against [[Boko Haram]] and other Islamist militants.<ref name=":1" /> Chad's army announced the death of Déby on 20 April 2021, following an [[2021 Northern Chad offensive|incursion]] in the northern region by the [[Front for Change and Concord in Chad|FACT]] group, during which the president was killed amid fighting on the front lines.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Chad's president Idriss Déby dies 'in clashes with rebels' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56815708 |publisher=BBC News |date=20 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420200202/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56815708 |url-status=live }}</ref> Déby's son, [[Mahamat Déby Itno|General Mahamat Idriss Déby]], has been named interim president by a [[Transitional Military Council (Chad)|Transitional Council of military officers]]. That transitional council has replaced the [[Constitution of Chad|Constitution]] with a new charter, granting Mahamat Déby the powers of the presidency and naming him head of the armed forces.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|last=Ramadane|first=Madjiasra Nako, Mahamat|date=21 April 2021|title=Chad in turmoil after Deby death as rebels, opposition challenge military|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chad-deby-idUSKBN2C818G|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421153549/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chad-deby-idUSKBN2C818G|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 May 2024, Mahamat  Idriss Déby was sworn in as [[President of Chad]] after the disputed 6 May [[2024 Chadian presidential election|election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chad transitional ruler inaugurated amid legitimacy concerns |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/chad-swears-in-president-ending-years-of-military-rule/7624040.html |work=Voice of America |date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>