Editing Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (section)

=== Compression only ===
For untrained rescuers helping adult victims of cardiac arrest, it is recommended to perform compression-only CPR (chest compressions hands-only or cardiocerebral resuscitation, without [[artificial ventilation]]), as it is easier to perform and instructions are easier to give over a phone.<ref name="Ali_2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ali S, Athar M, Ahmed SM | title = A randomised controlled comparison of video versus instructor-based compression only life support training | journal = Indian Journal of Anaesthesia | volume = 63 | issue = 3 | pages = 188–193 | date = March 2019 | pmid = 30988532 | pmc = 6423949 | doi = 10.4103/ija.IJA_737_18 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="CircEx10" />{{rp|S643}}<ref name="CircEx10" />{{rp|S643}}<ref name="AHAHighlights">{{cite web |title=Highlights of the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR and ECC |url=http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@ecc/documents/downloadable/ucm_317350.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121152639/http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/%40wcm/%40ecc/documents/downloadable/ucm_317350.pdf |archive-date=2010-11-21 |work=American Heart Association}}</ref>{{rp|8}}<ref name="Lancet2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hüpfl M, Selig HF, Nagele P | title = Chest-compression-only versus standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis | journal = Lancet | volume = 376 | issue = 9752 | pages = 1552–1557 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20951422 | pmc = 2987687 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61454-7 }}</ref> In adults with out-of-hospital [[cardiac arrest]], compression-only CPR by the average person has an equal or higher success rate than standard CPR.<ref name="Lancet2010" /><ref name="AHA2015 2">{{cite web |url=https://eccguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-English.pdf |title=Highlights of the 2015 American Heart Association: Guidelines Update for CPR and ECC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313233123/http://eccguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-English.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-13 | vauthors = Hazinski MF, Shuster M, Donnino MW, etal | date = 2015 }} "The ''2015 AHA Guidelines Update for CPR and ECC'' is based on an international evidence evaluation process that involved 250 evidence reviewers from 39 countries."</ref><ref name="EMS37-6">{{cite journal| vauthors = Ewy GA |date=June 2008 |title=Cardiocerebral Resuscitation: Could this new model of CPR hold promise for better rates of neurologically intact survival?|access-date=2008-08-02|url=http://emsresponder.com/print/Emergency--Medical-Services/CARDIOCEREBRAL-Resuscitation/1$7857|journal=EMS Magazine|volume=37|issue=6|pages=41–49|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803153326/http://www.emsresponder.com/print/Emergency--Medical-Services/CARDIOCEREBRAL-Resuscitation/1%247857|archive-date=2008-08-03}}</ref>[[File:2002 CPR Technique.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|CPR technique as demonstrated on a dummy]]

The CPR 'compressions only' procedure consists only of chest compressions that push on the lower half of the bone that is in the middle of the chest (the [[sternum]]).

Compression-only CPR is not as good for children who are more likely to have cardiac arrest from respiratory causes. Two reviews have found that compression-only CPR had no more success than no CPR whatsoever.<ref name="AHA2015 2" /><ref name="CircEx10" />{{rp|S646}} Rescue breaths for children and especially for babies should be relatively gentle.<ref name="AHA2015 2" /> Either a ratio of compressions to breaths of 30:2 or 15:2 was found to have better results for children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ashoor HM, Lillie E, Zarin W, Pham B, Khan PA, Nincic V, Yazdi F, Ghassemi M, Ivory J, Cardoso R, Perkins GD, de Caen AR, Tricco AC | title = Effectiveness of different compression-to-ventilation methods for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review | journal = Resuscitation | volume = 118 | pages = 112–125 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28583860 | doi = 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.05.032 | s2cid = 207518670 | url = http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89631/1/WRAP-effectiveness-different-compression-to-ventilation-methods-Perkins-2017.pdf }}</ref> Both children and adults should receive 100 chest compressions per minute. Other exceptions besides children include cases of [[drowning]]s and [[drug overdose]]; in both these cases, compressions, and rescue breaths are recommended if the bystander is trained and is willing to do so.<ref>{{Cite web | vauthors = Steinson B |date=2023-08-29 |title=Compression-Only CPR vs. CPR with Rescue Breaths |url=https://fundamentalfirstaid.ca/first-aid-blog/compression-only-cpr-rescue-breaths/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Fundamental First Aid Ltd. |language=en-CA}}</ref>

As per the AHA, the beat of the [[Bee Gees]] song "[[Stayin' Alive]]" provides an ideal rhythm in terms of beats per minute to use for hands-only CPR, which is 104 beats-per-minute.<ref>{{Cite web | author = Blendist LLC |title=BPM for Stayin' Alive by Bee Gees|url=https://songbpm.com/@bee-gees/stayin-alive|access-date=2020-12-31|website=SONG BPM|language=en}}</ref> One can also hum [[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s "[[Another One Bites the Dust]]", which is 110 beats-per-minute<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.beatdetect.com/song/another-one-bites-the-dust-by-queen/5Lsg8jlCoTyxRch9LvJo3E |title=Another One Bites The Dust by Queen | access-date=2024-01-24|website=beatdetect.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | author = Blendist LLC |title=BPM for Another One Bites The Dust by Queen|url=https://songbpm.com/@queen/another-one-bites-the-dust|access-date=2020-12-31|website=SONG BPM|language=en}}</ref> and contains a repeating drum pattern.<ref name="CommonHealth">{{cite news |title=From Queen, The Best Song For CPR – Except For The Lyrics |access-date=2012-05-29 |url=http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2010/12/cpr-song |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102063841/http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2010/12/cpr-song |archive-date=November 2, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> For those in cardiac arrest due to non-heart related causes and in people less than 20 years of age, standard CPR is superior to compression-only CPR.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ogawa T, Akahane M, Koike S, Tanabe S, Mizoguchi T, Imamura T | title = Outcomes of chest compression only CPR versus conventional CPR conducted by lay people in patients with out of hospital cardiopulmonary arrest witnessed by bystanders: nationwide population based observational study | journal = BMJ | volume = 342 | pages = c7106 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21273279 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.c7106 | hdl-access = free | doi-access = free | hdl = 10564/1584 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Koenig KL |title=Compression-Only CPR Is Less Effective Than Conventional CPR in Some Patients |journal=JW Emerg Med |date=March 4, 2011 |url=http://emergency-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2011/304/1?q=etoc_jwem |volume=2011 |issue=304 |page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724151702/http://emergency-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2011/304/1?q=etoc_jwem |archive-date=2011-07-24 |access-date=2018-12-07 }}</ref>