Editing Calcium carbonate (section)

=== Selection by organisms ===
Organisms, such as [[mollusca|molluscs]] and [[arthropod]]s, have shown the ability to grow all three crystal polymorphs of calcium carbonate, mainly as protection (shells) and muscle attachments.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lowenstam |first1=H.A. |title=On Biomineralization |last2=Weiner |first2=S. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-504977-0}}</ref> Moreover, they exhibit a remarkable capability of phase selection over calcite and aragonite, and some organisms can switch between the two polymorphs. The ability of phase selection is usually attributed to the use of specific macromolecules or combinations of macromolecules by such organisms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Belcher |first1=A. M. |last2=Wu |first2=X. H. |last3=Christensen |first3=R. J. |last4=Hansma |first4=P. K. |last5=Stucky |first5=G. D. |last6=Morse |first6=D. E. |date=May 1996 |title=Control of crystal phase switching and orientation by soluble mollusc-shell proteins |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/381056a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=381 |issue=6577 |pages=56–58 |doi=10.1038/381056a0 |bibcode=1996Natur.381...56B |s2cid=4285912 |issn=1476-4687 |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215212206/https://www.nature.com/articles/381056a0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Falini |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Albeck |first2=Shira |last3=Weiner |first3=Steve |last4=Addadi |first4=Lia |date=1996-01-05 |title=Control of Aragonite or Calcite Polymorphism by Mollusk Shell Macromolecules |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.271.5245.67 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=271 |issue=5245 |pages=67–69 |doi=10.1126/science.271.5245.67 |bibcode=1996Sci...271...67F |s2cid=95357556 |issn=0036-8075 |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215212206/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.271.5245.67 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marin |first=Frédéric |date=October 2020 |title=Mollusc shellomes: Past, present and future |journal=Journal of Structural Biology |language=en |volume=212 |issue=1 |page=107583 |doi=10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107583|pmid=32721585 |s2cid=220850117|doi-access=free}}</ref>