Editing Burushaski (section)

== Writing system ==
{{Arabic-script sidebar|Burushaski}}

=== Modern evolution ===
Burushaski is predominantly a spoken rather than a written language. One of the earliest examples of modern Burushaski literature was the poetry written by [[Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai|Prof. Allamah Nasiruddin Nasir Hunzai]] in the 1940s. He began by using the [[Urdu alphabet]] to write the language, but soon realized that Urdu script was not adequate to the task, since it lacked the necessary letters to represent certain [[phoneme]]s unique to Burushaski. This led him to undertake the task of devising a standardised [[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]]-derived alphabet geared specifically to the accurate transcription of the Burushaski language. To this end, he went on to create the new consonants ݼ [tsʰ], څ [ʈʂ], ڎ [ts], ݽ [ʂ], ڞ [ʈʂʰ], and ݣ [ŋ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06149-bashir-prop.pdf | title=N3117: Proposal to add characters needed for Khowar, Torwali, and Burushaski | first1=Elena | last1=Bashir|author1-link=Elena Bashir | first2=Sarmad | last2=Hussain | first3=Deborah | last3=Anderson | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=5 May 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shaping behavior of Burushaski characters and other Arabic additions in L2/06-149 |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07264-arabic-shaping.pdf |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> Furthermore, innovative writers of Burushaski began to use [[Subscript and superscript|superscript]] [[Eastern Arabic numerals|Urdu numbers]] to indicate different stress patterns, tones and vowel-lengths. For example, in Burushaski, the letter ـو (''waw'') represents a long vowel with a falling tone, "óo". The letter ـݸ (''waw'' with a superscript ''2'') represents a short vowel "o", and the letter ـݹ (''waw'' with a superscript 3) represents a long vowel with a rising tone, "oó".<ref name="b-u-dict-vol1" />

Parallel to this, a Latin-derived orthography was created by Hermann Berger - a system which has found favour among many researchers and linguists. The "Burushaski Research Academy" currently recognises both the Urdu-based and the Latin-based orthography.

In the years, 2006, 2009, and 2013, a 3-volume Burushaski-[[Urdu language|Urdu]] Dictionary was compiled in a collaboration between the "Burushaski Research Academy" and the [[University of Karachi]], under the auspices of [[Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai|Prof. Allamah Nasiruddin Nasir Hunzai]] and published by the university's "Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation".<ref>Burushaski Research Academy. ''Collaboration of Burushaski Research Academy with Karachi University'' [https://www.burushopedia.org/burushaski_urdu/ https://www.burushopedia.org/burushaski_urdu/]</ref> This dictionary uses primarily the Urdu-derived alphabet, while employing Berger's Latin alphabet-derived orthography in a supplementary capacity.

=== History ===

[[Tibet]]an sources record a ''Bru zha'' language of the Gilgit valley, which appears to have been Burushaski and the script of which was one of five used also to write the extinct [[Zhangzhung language]]. Although Burushaski may once have been a significant [[literary language]], no ''Bru zha'' manuscripts are known to have survived.<ref>[[George van Driem]], ''Languages of the Himalayas,'' Brill 2001:921</ref> There is a very voluminous Buddhist tantra of the 'Ancient' (''rNying ma'') school of Tibetan Buddhism, preserved in Tibetan as the ''mDo dgongs 'dus'',<ref>Complete title: ''De bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi thugs gsang ba’i ye shes | don gyi snying po rdo rje bkod pa’i rgyud | rnal ’byor grub pa’i lung | kun ’dus rig pa’i mdo | theg pa chen po mngon par rtogs pa | chos kyi rnam grangs rnam par bkod pa zhes bya ba’i mdo'', in the mTshams brag edition of the rNying ma rgyud 'bum: vol. 16 (''Ma''), p. 2-617.</ref> which has been the subject of numerous Tibetological publications, including a recent monograph by Jacob P. Dalton, ''The Gathering of Intentions'',<ref>Dalton, Jacob P. 2016. Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0231176002}}. This book is a state of the art history of this ''tantra'' in Tibet, but does not deal in depth with the issue of its original source and whether it was actually translated from the Burushaski.</ref> which is supposed to be translated from the Burushaski (''bru zha'i skad''). It contains words that are not Sanskrit but which have not, thus far, been demonstrated satisfactorily to be relatable either to Burushaski, or to any other language (or, for that matter, to be purely "elfic"{{definition needed|date=November 2024}}). If at least part of this text had actually been translated from Burushaski, it would make it one of the major monuments of an apparently lost literature.

=== Alphabet ===

Below table shows the standardized orthography used in [[University of Karachi]]-published Burushaski-Urdu Dictionary.<ref name="b-u-dict-vol1">Hunzai, A. N. N., Burushaski Research Academy, & University of Karachi. (2006). ''Burushaski Urdu Dictionary – Volume 1'' / بروشسکی اردو لغت - جلد اول (الف تا څ). Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation, University of Karachi. {{ISBN|969-404-66-0|invalid1=yes}} [https://archive.org/details/1_20230728_20230728/mode/2up Archive.org]</ref><ref name="b-u-dict-vol2">Hunzai, A. N. N., Burushaski Research Academy, & University of Karachi. (2009). ''Burushaski Urdu Dictionary – Volume 2'' / بروشسکی اردو لغت - جلد دوم (د تا غ). Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation, University of Karachi. [https://archive.org/details/2_20230728/mode/2up Archive.org]</ref><ref name="b-u-dict-vol3">Hunzai, A. N. N., Burushaski Research Academy, & University of Karachi. (2013). ''Burushaski Urdu Dictionary – Volume 3'' / بروشسکی اردو لغت - جلد دوم (ف تا ی). Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation, University of Karachi. [https://archive.org/details/3_20230728/mode/2up Archive.org]</ref>

In addition, linguists working on Burushaski use various makeshift transcriptions based on the Latin alphabet, most commonly that by Berger (see below), in their publications.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan=2 | [[Transliteration]]
! rowspan=2 | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! colspan="4" |Forms
! rowspan=2 | [[Arabic script in Unicode|Unicode]]
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!Isolated
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
|-
| - / A a / U u / I i
|{{IPAblink|∅}}<br />({{IPAblink|a}}{{IPAblink|u}}{{IPAblink|i}})
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ا}}}}</span>
| -
| -
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ا}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]
| Letter ''alif'' at the beginning of a word can serve two functions. First, it precedes vowel letters ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݸ}}}}) [o], ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|او / اُو}}}}) [óo][úu], ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݹ / اُݹ}}}}) [oó][uú], ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اِیـ / اِی}}}}) [íi], ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اِݶـ / اِݶ}}}}) [ií], ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݵـ / اݺ}}}}) [e], ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ایـ / اے}}}}) [ée], or ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݶـ / اݻ}}}}) [eé]. Second, it acts as a vowel carrier for diacritics of three short vowels of Burushaski, {{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}}} [a], ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اُ}}}}) [u], and ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اِ}}}}) [i].
|-
| Áa áa
| {{IPAblink|a|aː˥˩}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|آ / ا}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـا}}}}</span>
| -
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|mnj|{{Script/Arabic|آ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: آ|U+0622]]<br />[[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]
| Vowel phoneme [aː˥˩] (long vowel [a] with a falling tone) is represented with ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|آ}}}}) when at the beginning of a word, and with ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـا / ا}}}}) when in the middle or end of a word.
|-
| a
| {{IPAblink|a}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݳ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݳ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ݳ|U+0773]]
| Only occurs at the end of the word. Elsewhere, the short vowel [a] is represented with a ''zabar/fatha'' diacritic ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اَ / ◌َ / ـَ}}}}). Alternatively, a final ''he'' letter ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ه / ـہ}}}}) can also be used for a word-final short vowel [a]
|-
| Aá aá
| {{IPAblink|a|aː˨˦}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݴ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݴ}}}}</span>
| -
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݴ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݴ|U+0774]]
| Vowel phoneme [aː˨˦] represents a long vowel [a] with a rising tone.
|-
| B b
|{{IPAblink|b}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ب}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـب}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـبـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|بـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]]
|
|-
| P p
|{{IPAblink|p}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|پ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـپ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـپـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|پـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067e]]
|
|-
| T t
|{{IPAblink|t̪}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ت}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـت}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـتـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|تـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062a]]
|
|-
| Ṭ ṭ
|{{IPAblink|ʈ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ٹ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـٹ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـٹـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ٹـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]
|
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| S s
| {{IPAblink|s}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ث}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـث}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـثـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ثـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062b]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-
| J j
|[{{IPA link|d͡ʑ}} ~ {{IPA link|ʑ}}]
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ج}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـج}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـجـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|جـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062c]]
|
|-
| Ć ć
|{{IPAblink|t͡ɕ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|چ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـچ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـچـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|چـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]
|
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| H h
| {{IPAblink|h}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ح}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـح}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـحـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|حـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062d]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
| Ċh ċh
|{{IPAblink|t͡s|t͡sʰ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݼ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݼ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݼـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݼـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݼ|U+077C]]
| Unique letter in Burushaski, not in Urdu alphabet.<br />In Burushaski orthography, it is more common to write a small [[Eastern Arabic numerals|Urdu number]] 4 ie <span style="font-size:120%;">{{urd|{{lang|ur|۴}}}}</span>, in place of 4 dots. However, the letter <span style="font-size:120%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ڇـ ـڇـ ـڇ ڇ}}}}</span> is also an acceptable alternative.
|-
| Qh qh
|[{{IPA link|qʰ}}~{{IPA link|qχ}}~{{IPA link|χ}}]
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|خ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـخ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـخـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|خـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062e]]
|
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
| C̣ c̣
|{{IPAblink|ʈ͡ʂ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|څ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـڅ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـڅـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|څـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: څ|U+0685]]
| Unique letter in Burushaski, not in Urdu alphabet.
|-
| D d
|{{IPAblink|d}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|د}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـد}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: د|U+062f]]
|
|-
| Ḍ ḍ
|{{IPAblink|ɖ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ڈ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـڈ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]
|
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| Z z
| {{IPAblink|z}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ذ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـذ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
| Ċ ċ
|{{IPAblink|t͡s}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ڎ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـڎ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ڎ|U+068E]]
| Unique letter in Burushaski, not in Urdu alphabet.
|-
| R r
|{{IPAblink|r}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ر}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـر}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]
|
|-
| Ṛ ṛ
|{{IPAblink|ɽ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ڑ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـڑ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]]
| No word begins with this letter.
|-
| Z z
|{{IPAblink|z}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ز}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـز}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]
|
|-
| Ż ż
|[{{IPA link|d̠͡ʐ}}~{{IPA link|ʐ}}]
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ژ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـژ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ژ|U+0698]]
|
|-
| S s
|{{IPAblink|s}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|س}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـس}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـسـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|سـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]]
|
|-
| Ś ś
|{{IPAblink|ɕ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ش}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـش}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـشـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|شـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]]
|
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
| Ṣ ṣ
|{{IPAblink|ʂ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݽ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݽ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݽـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݽـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݽ|U+077D]]
| Unique letter in Burushaski, not in Urdu alphabet.<br />In Burushaski orthography, it is more common to write a small [[Eastern Arabic numerals|Urdu number]] 4 ie <span style="font-size:120%;">{{urd|{{lang|ur|۴}}}}</span>, in place of 4 dots. However, the letter <span style="font-size:120%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݜـ ـݜـ ـݜ ݜ}}}}</span> is also an acceptable alternative.
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| S s
| {{IPAblink|s}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ص}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـص}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـصـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|صـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| Z z
| {{IPAblink|z}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ض}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـض}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـضـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ضـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
| C̣h c̣h
|{{IPAblink|ʈ͡ʂ|ʈ͡ʂʰ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ڞ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـڞ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـڞـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ڞـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ڞ|U+069E]]
| Unique letter in Burushaski, not in Urdu alphabet.
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| T t
|{{IPAblink|t}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ط}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـط}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـطـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|طـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637U]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| Z z
| {{IPAblink|z}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ظ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـظ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـظـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ظـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| -
| {{IPAblink|∅}}/{{IPAblink|ʔ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ع}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـع}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـعـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|عـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]]
| Only used in loanwords of Arabic origin.
|-
| Ġ ġ
| [{{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}]
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|غ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـغ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـغـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|غـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063a]]
|
|-bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| F f
| [{{IPA link|p|pʰ}}~pf~{{IPA link|f}}]
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ف}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـف}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـفـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|فـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]]
| Only used in loanwords of foreign origin.
|-
| Q q
| {{IPAblink|q}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ق}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـق}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـقـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|قـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]]
|
|-
| K k
| {{IPAblink|k}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ک}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـک}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـکـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|کـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ک|U+06a9]]
|
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
| Ṅ ṅ
| {{IPAblink|ŋ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݣ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݣ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݣـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݣـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݣ|U+0763]]
| Unique letter in Burushaski, not in Urdu alphabet.<br />No word begins with this letter.
|-
| G g
| {{IPAblink|ɡ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|گ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـگ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـگـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|گـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06af]]
|
|-
| L l
| {{IPAblink|l}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ل}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـل}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـلـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|لـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]
|
|-
| M m
| {{IPAblink|m}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|م}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـم}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـمـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|مـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]
|
|-
| N n
| {{IPAblink|n}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ن}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـن}}}}</span>
|rowspan=2 |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـنـ}}}}</span>
|rowspan=2 |<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|نـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]
|
|-
| Ṇ ṇ
|  {{IPAblink|◌̃|◌̃}}
| style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic| [[ں]] }}}}
| style="font-size:120%;" | {{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic| ـں }}}}
| [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]]
| No word begins with this letter.
|-
| W w / Óo óo / Úu úu
| {{IPAblink|w}}{{IPAblink|o|oː˥˩}}{{IPAblink|u|uː˥˩}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|و}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـو}}}}</span>
| -
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|او / و}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: و|U+0648]]
|This letter represents three phonemes based on context, consonant [w], or long vowels with falling tone, [oː˥˩], and [uː˥˩].<br />In order for this letter to represent vowel [u] and not [o], the letter before will have to carry a ''pesh/damma'' diacritic ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ؙو / ـُو}}}}).<br />If used at the beginning of a word, if representing consonant [w], it will be written standalone ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|و}}}}), if representing a vowel [oː˥˩] or [uː˥˩], it will be preceded by ''alif'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|او / اُو}}}}). For [u], ''alef'' will carry the ''pesh/damma'' diacritic.
|-
| O o / u
| {{IPAblink|o}}{{IPAblink|u}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݸ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݸ}}}}</span>
| -
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݸ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݸ|U+0778]]
| This letter represents short vowel [o]. When a word begins with this vowel phoneme, the letter needs to be preceded by ''alif'' {{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݸ}}}}. In a final position, this letter also represents short vowel [u], with the preceding letter carrying a ''pesh/damma'' diacritic ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ؙݸ / ـُݸ}}}}).
|-
| Oó oó / Uú uú
| {{IPAblink|o|oː˨˦}}{{IPAblink|u|uː˨˦}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݹ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݹ}}}}</span>
| -
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݹ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݹ|U+0779]]
| This letter represents vowel phonemes [oː˨˦] and [uː˨˦], long vowels [o] and [u] with a rising tone. When representing [u], the preceding letter will have to carry a ''pesh/damma'' diacritic ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ؙݹ / ـُݹ}}}}). When a word begins with this vowel phoneme, the letter needs to be preceded by ''alif'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݸ / اُݸ}}}}). For [u], ''alef'' will carry the ''pesh/damma'' diacritic.
|-
|rowspan=2 | H h
| {{IPAblink|h}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ہ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـہ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـہـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ہـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]]
| At the end of the word, depending on context, this letter can represent the consonant [h] or the short vowel [a]. For a word-final vowel, an ''alef with superscript "2"'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݳ / ـݳ}}}}) can also be used.
|-
| [◌ʰ]/[◌ʱ]
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ھ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـھ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـھـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ھـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]]
| No word begins with this letter. Not a standalone letter, its only function is to be part of digraphs representing aspirated consonants.
|-bgcolor="#d0dead"
| Ỵ ỵ
|  {{IPAblink|ɻ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݷ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݷ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݷـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݷـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݷ|U+0777]]
| Unique letter in Burushaski, not in Urdu alphabet.<br />No word begins with this letter. In Burushaski orthography, it is more common to write a small [[Eastern Arabic numerals|Urdu number]] 4 ie <span style="font-size:120%;">{{urd|{{lang|ur|۴}}}}</span>, in place of 4 dots. However, a letter ''ye with 4 dots below'' ([[File:Yeh with four dots below.svg|x18px]][[File:Yeh with four dots below - final.svg|x18px]] [[File:Yeh with four dots below - medial.svg|x18px]] [[File:Yeh with four dots below - initial.svg|x18px]]) is also an acceptable alternative.
|-
| Y y
| {{IPAblink|ʔ}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ئ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـئ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـئـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ئـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ئ|U+0626]]
| No word begins with this letter.
|-
| Y y / Ée ée / Íi íi
| {{IPAblink|j}}{{IPAblink|e|eː˥˩}}{{IPAblink|i|iː˥˩}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ی}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـی}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـیـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ایـ / یـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ی|U+06CC]]
|This letter represents three phonemes based on context, consonant [j], or long vowels with falling tone, [eː˥˩], and [iː˥˩].<br />In order for this letter to represent vowel [i] and not [e], the letter before will have to carry a ''zer/kasra'' diacritic ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیـ / ـِیـ}}}}).<br />If used at the beginning of a word, if representing consonant [j], it will be written standalone ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|یـ}}}}), if representing a vowel [eː˥˩] or [iː˥˩], it will be preceded by ''alif'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ایـ / اِیـ}}}}). For [i], ''alef'' will carry the ''zer/kasra'' diacritic. In final position, this letter does not represent the vowel [e]. Instead, the letter ''big ye'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ے}}}}) is used.
|-
| E e / i
| {{IPAblink|e}}{{IPAblink|i}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݵ}}}}</span>
| -
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݵـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݵـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݵ|U+0775]]
| This letter represents short vowel [e]. When a word begins with this vowel phoneme, the letter needs to be preceded by ''alif'' {{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݵـ}}}}. In a final position, this letter represents short vowel [i]. For writing short vowel [e] in final position, the letter ''big ye with a superscript "2"'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݺ}}}}) is used.
|-
| Eé eé / Ií ií
| {{IPAblink|e|eː˨˦}}{{IPAblink|i|iː˨˦}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݶ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݶ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݶـ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݶـ}}}}</span>
| [[:wiktionary: ݹ|U+0779]]
| This letter represents vowel phonemes [eː˨˦] and [iː˨˦], long vowels [e] and [i] with a rising tone. When representing [i], the preceding letter will have to carry a ''zer/kasra'' diacritic ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ِݶـ / ـِݶـ}}}}). When a word begins with this vowel phoneme, the letter needs to be preceded by ''alif'' {{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݶـ / اِݶـ}}}}. For [i], ''alef'' will carry the ''zer/kasra'' diacritic. In final position, this letter does not represent the vowel [e]. Instead, the letter ''big ye with a superscript "3"''' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݻ}}}}) is used.
|-
| ée
| {{IPAblink|e|eː˥˩}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ے}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـے}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ے|U+06D2]]
| This letter is only used at the end of a word and it represents long vowel with falling tone [eː˥˩].
|-
| e
| {{IPAblink|e}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݺ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݺ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ݺ|U+077A]]
| This letter is only used at the end of a word and it represents short vowel [e].
|-
| eé
| {{IPAblink|e|eː˨˦}}
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݻ}}}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ـݻ}}}}</span>
| -
| -
| [[:wiktionary: ݻ|U+077B]]
| This letter is only used at the end of a word and it represents long vowel with rising tone [eː˨˦].
|}

==== Aspirates ====

Below table shows the digraphs, a combination of a consonant with the letter ''round he'' ({{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ھ}}}}) that represent [[aspirated consonant]]s that occur in Burushaski.<ref name="b-u-dict-vol1" /><ref name="b-u-dict-vol2" /><ref name="b-u-dict-vol3" />

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Digraph
! Transcription
! IPA
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Nastaliq|پھ}}
| ph
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Nastaliq|تھ}}
| th
| {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Nastaliq|ٹھ}}
| ṭh
| {{IPA|[ʈʰ]}}
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Nastaliq|چھ}}
| ćh
| {{IPA|[t͡ɕʰ]}}
|-
| style="font-size: 150%" |{{Nastaliq|کھ}}
| kh
| {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
|}

==== Vowels ====

Below tables show how vowels are written in different parts of the word.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5| Short Vowel
|-
! A || O || U || E || I
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the beginning of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اَ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݸ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اُ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݵـ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اِ}}}}</span>
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the middle of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌َ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݸ / ـݸ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ُ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݵـ / ـݵـ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ِ}}}}</span>
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the end of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݳ / ـݳ}}}}</span><br /><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ہ / ـہ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݸ / ـݸ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ُ / ◌ُݸ / ـُݸ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݺ / ـݺ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݵ / ـݵ}}}}</span>
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5| Long vowel, falling tone {{IPAslink|˥˩}}
|-
! Áa  || Óo || Úu || Ée || Íi
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the beginning of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|آ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|او}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اُو}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ایـ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اِیـ}}}}</span>
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the middle of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ا / ـا}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|و / ـو}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو / ـُو}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|یـ / ـیـ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ِیـ / ـِیـ}}}}</span>
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the end of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ا / ـا}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|و / ـو}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ُو / ـُو}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ے / ـے}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ی / ـی}}}}</span>
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5| Long vowel, rising tone {{IPAslink|˨˦}}
|-
! Aá || Oó || Uú || Eé || Ií
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the beginning of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݴ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݹ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اُݹ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اݶـ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|اِݶـ}}}}</span>
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the middle of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݴ / ـݴ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݹ / ـݹ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ُݹ / ـُݹ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݶـ / ـݶـ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ِݶـ / ـِݶـ}}}}</span>
|-
!colspan=5| Vowel at the end of a word
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݴ / ـݴ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݹ / ـݹ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|◌ُݹ / ـُݹ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݻ / ـݻ}}}}</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">{{#invoke:lang|lang|bsk|{{Script/Arabic|ݶ / ـݶ}}}}</span>
|}

=== Sample text ===

Below poetry, written in praise of [[University of Karachi]] for its role in documentation and preservation of Burushaski language and literature, is presented as a sample text in Burushaski Arabic alphabet, alongside Urdu and English translation of each verse.<ref>Hunzai, A. N. N. (2005) ''Jawaahir Paaree – Some Glimps of Burushaski language'' Burushaski Research Academy. University of Karachi: Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation, University of Karachi. Pakistan Literature Academy. [https://www.ismaililiterature.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Burushaski-Jawahir-Paray.pdf] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20240322162116/https://www.ismaililiterature.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Burushaski-Jawahir-Paray.pdf Archive])</ref>

{| cellpadding="6"
! Burushaski || Urdu Translation || English Translation
|-
| style="width:23; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|ذاتِ خدا یَکُ ڎُم کھݸت بݺ اکھݵݽ رَحمتَن
جامعهٔ کراچی میر اݹدِکِھرَس نِعمَتَن|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" |  {{nastaliq|ذات خدا کی طرف سے ہم پر یہ ایسی عجیب رحمت ہوئی کہ جامعہ کراچی کی نزدیکی اور ادبی سر پرستی کی لازوال نعمت ہمیں نصیب ہوئی.}}
|It has been such an incredible blessing from God that we have been granted with the eternal gift of proximity and literary patronage of University of Karachi.
|-
| style="width:23em; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|جامعهٔ کراچی میر تازہ جَہانَن بِلݳ
چشمِ بصیرت پُھٹ اݺ عَقَلݺ نِشانَن بِلݳ|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" | {{nastaliq|جامعہ کراچی ہمارے لئے ایک جدید کا ئنات ہے۔ ساتھیو! چشم دل سے دیکھو اس امر میں اللہ کا ایک معجزہ ہے۔}}
|University of Karachi is a modern institution for us. Colleagues! Look with your eyes and heart, there is a miracle of Allah in this matter.
|-
| style="width:23em; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|رَبِّ تَعالیٰ کرم! علم و ادب بُٹ اُیَم!
اَلتݸ جَہانِݣ ݽِقَم! شُکرݸ مَنِݽ یا خدا!|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" | {{nastaliq|اللہ تعالی کے فضل و کرم سے علم وادب بے حد شیریں ہیں، ان سے فیضیاب ہونے والوں کی دنیا و آخرت آباد ہو جاتی ہیں، یا اللہ ہمیں توفیق عطا فرما تا کہ ہم تیرا شکر کریں۔ }}
|Knowledge and literature are a limitlessly sweet by the grace and mercy of Allah almighty. Bountiful in this world and the next are those who are blessed by them. Oh Allah, grant us the ability to thank You.
|-
| style="width:23em; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|علم و ادبݺ صاحِبان، فضل و ہُنرݺ کامِلان!
اُیون کݺ اُیون دوستان! شُکرݸ مَنِݽ یا خدا!|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" |{{nastaliq|اس وسیلے سے علم وادب اور فضل و کامل والے تمام حضرات کی دوستی کی سعادت ہم کو نصیب ہوئی، خدایا اس نعمت پر ہم تیرا شکر کرتے ہیں۔}}
|By means of this [university], we have been blessed with the friendship of all those who possess knowledge, literature, grace and perfection. God, we thank you for this blessing.
|-
| style="width:23em; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|جامِعَه کُڎ نامدار، اسپِ قلَمݺ شَہسَوار
علم و ادبݺ تاجدار شُکرݸ مَنِݽ یا خدا!|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" |{{nastaliq|جامعہ والے تمام صاحبان نامور و نامدار ہیں، وہ رخش قلم کے میدان کے شہسوار ہیں۔ اور علم و ادب کے تاجدار بادشاہ ہیں۔ خدایا ہم تیرا شکر ادا کرتے ہیں۔}}
|All the scholars of the University are famous and renowned, they are the knights of the field of pen. And the crowned kings of knowledge and literature. God we thank you.
|-
| style="width:23em; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|جامِعَه آبِ حیات مَعَلِّمِین اُبون باغبان
شگِرِشݸ ڞا ݽِقَم بَسݵݣ شُکرݸ مَنِݽ یا خدا!|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" |{{nastaliq|جامعہ گویا سرچشمۂ آب حیات ہے، شاگرد سب اس معنی میں سدا بہار باغات ہیں کہ اساتذۂ کرام اُن کی آبیاری کرتے رہتے ہیں۔ خدایا ہم تیرا شکر ادا کرتے ہیں۔}}
|The university is like the fountain of life, the students are all evergreen gardens in the sense that teachers keep irrigating them. God we thank you.
|-
| style="width:23em; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|تازہ گلابݺ نَس اُیَم، دوستیݺ تھݸمَلݺ تَھس اُیَم
قَلَم گیݸ شان کݺ ہَس اُیَم شُکرݸ مَنِݽ یا خدا!|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" |{{nastaliq|جب گلاب نو شگفتہ ہو، تو اسکی خوشبو مثالی ہوتی ہے، جہاں دوستی کی دھنی اور اپنے ماضی کی دھنی بناتے ہیں تو اس کا دھواں بھی شیریں ہوتا ہے، اھل قلم کی شان و مرتبت لذیذ ہوتی ہے، یا اللہ تیرا شکر ہے۔}}
|Just as a newly blooming rose, whose fragrance is ideal, where friendships and memories are made, then its scent is also sweet, the glory of the pen is delicious, O Allah, thanks be to you.
|-
| style="width:23em; text-align:right" |
<poem>{{script/Arabic|یَرمݸ ہݸئیلتَرڎ نصیر! جامِعه گمَنا بݵیَم؟
تِک نُمݳ سݵن تِل اَکول شُکرݸ مَنِݽ یا خدا!|size=140%}}</poem>
| style="width:18em; text-align:right" |{{nastaliq|زمانہ قدیم کا چوپان نصیر! میں کیا جانوں کہ تو جامعہ ہو گیا ہے۔ خاک بن کرکہا کر «یا خدا تیرا شکر ہے»۔}}
|Nasir, the shepherd of the old times! How should I know that you have completed university? By turning into dust and saying, "O God, thank you."
|}