Editing Brussels (section)

===Early modern===
[[File:Brussel.1610.a.jpg|thumb|left|View of Brussels, {{circa|1610|lk=no}}]]

In the 14th century, the marriage between heiress [[Margaret III, Countess of Flanders]], and [[Philip the Bold]], [[Duke of Burgundy]], produced a new Duke of Brabant of the [[House of Valois]], namely [[Anthony, Duke of Brabant|Anthony]], their son.{{sfn|Blockmans|Prevenier|1999|p=30–31}} In 1477, the Burgundian duke [[Charles the Bold]] perished in the [[Battle of Nancy]].{{sfn|Kirk|1868|p=542}} Through the marriage of his daughter [[Mary of Burgundy]] (who was born in Brussels) to Holy Roman Emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], the [[Low Countries]] fell under [[Habsburg]] sovereignty.{{sfn|Armstrong|1957|p=228}} Brabant was integrated into this composite state, and Brussels flourished as the Princely Capital of the prosperous [[Burgundian Netherlands]], also known as the [[Seventeen Provinces]]. After the death of Mary in 1482, her son [[Philip the Handsome]] succeeded as Duke of Burgundy and Brabant.

Philip died in 1506, and he was succeeded by his son [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] who then also became [[King of Spain]] (crowned in the [[Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula]]) and even Holy Roman Emperor at the death of his grandfather Maximilian I in 1519. Charles was now the ruler of a [[Habsburg Empire]] "on which the sun never sets" with Brussels serving as one of his main capitals.<ref name="Capital">{{cite web|date=21 April 2017|title=How Brussels became the capital of Europe 500 years ago|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/brussels/42112/how-brussels-became-the-capital-of-europe-500-years-ago/|access-date=13 August 2019|website=The Brussels Times|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714132914/https://www.brusselstimes.com/brussels/42112/how-brussels-became-the-capital-of-europe-500-years-ago/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Everett Jr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSYkCQAAQBAJ&q=Charles+V+28+years+in+the+netherlands&pg=PA36|title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500–1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas|date=7 May 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476608891|access-date=13 August 2019|via=Google Books|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414232943/https://books.google.com/books?id=kSYkCQAAQBAJ&q=Charles+V+28+years+in+the+netherlands&pg=PA36|url-status=live}}</ref> It was in the [[Coudenberg Palace]] that Charles V was declared of age in 1515, and it was there in 1555 that he abdicated all of his possessions and passed the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] to King [[Philip II of Spain]].{{sfn|Wasseige|1995|p=4}} This palace, famous all over Europe, had greatly expanded since it had first become the seat of the Dukes of Brabant, but it was destroyed by fire in 1731.{{sfn|Mardaga|1994|p=222}}{{sfn|Wasseige|1995|p=6–7}}

[[File:Grand- Place BXL1695 -01.jpg|thumb|The [[Grand-Place]] after [[Bombardment of Brussels (1695)|the 1695 bombardment]] by the French army]]

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Brussels was a centre for the [[lace]] industry. In addition, [[Brussels tapestry]] hung on the walls of castles throughout Europe.<ref>Souchal, Geneviève (ed.), ''Masterpieces of Tapestry from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century: An Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art'', p. 108, 1974, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), {{ISBN|0870990861}}, 9780870990861, [https://books.google.com/books?id=e-fZHUt8issC&pg=PA108 google books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029113006/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=e-fZHUt8issC&pg=PA108 |date=29 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>Campbell, ed. ''Tapestry in the Renaissance: Art and Magnificence'', exhibition catalogue, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] 2002.</ref> In 1695, during the [[Nine Years' War]], King [[Louis XIV]] of France sent troops to [[Bombardment of Brussels (1695)|bombard Brussels with artillery]]. Together with the resulting fire, it was the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels. The Grand-Place was destroyed, along with 4,000 buildings—a third of all the buildings in the city. The reconstruction of [[Pentagon (Brussels)|the city centre]], effected during subsequent years, profoundly changed its appearance and left numerous traces still visible today.{{sfn|Culot|Hennaut|Demanet|Mierop|1992}}

During the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] in 1708, Brussels again sustained a [[Assault on Brussels (1708)|French attack]], which it repelled. Following the [[Treaty of Utrecht]] in 1713, Spanish sovereignty over the Southern Netherlands was transferred to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg. This event started the era of the [[Austrian Netherlands]]. Brussels [[Siege of Brussels|was captured]] by France in 1746, during the [[War of the Austrian Succession]],{{sfn|Tucker|2009|p=753}} but was handed back to Austria three years later. It remained with Austria until 1795, when the Southern Netherlands were captured and annexed by France, and the city became the [[Prefectures in France|chef-lieu]] of the [[Dyle (department)|department of the Dyle]].{{sfn|Oudiette|1804|page=XIII}}{{sfn|Duvergier|1835|p=300}} The French rule ended in 1815, with the defeat of [[Napoleon]] on the [[Battle of Waterloo|battlefield of Waterloo]], located south of today's Brussels-Capital Region.{{sfn|Galloy|Hayt|2006|p=86–90}} With the [[Congress of Vienna]], the Southern Netherlands joined the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]], under King [[William I of the Netherlands|William I of Orange]]. The former Dyle department became the province of [[Province of Brabant#United Kingdom of the Netherlands|South Brabant]], with Brussels as its capital.