Editing Bruce Springsteen (section)

=== 1987–1991: ''Tunnel of Love'' and activism ===
Springsteen released the much more sedate and contemplative ''[[Tunnel of Love (album)|Tunnel of Love]]'' in October 1987. The album is a mature reflection on the many faces of love found, lost and squandered, and the full sound of the E Street Band is included only selectively.{{sfn|Margotin|Guesdon|2020|pp=264–271}} Although it sold less than ''Born in the U.S.A.'', it was a commercial success, reaching No. 1 on the ''Billboard'' 200.{{sfn|Margotin|Guesdon|2020|pp=264–271}}<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200/1987-11-07/ | title=Billboard 200™ | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref>

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0719-38, Bruce Springsteen, Konzert in der DDR.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Springsteen performing on the [[Tunnel of Love Express Tour]] at the [[Radrennbahn Weissensee]] in [[East Berlin]] in July 1988]]
On July 19, 1988, Springsteen's [[Berlin Wall#Bruce Springsteen, 1988|concert in East Germany]] attracted 300,000 spectators. Journalist Erik Kirschbaum called the concert "the most important rock concert ever, anywhere" in his 2013 book ''Rocking the Wall. Bruce Springsteen: The Berlin Concert That Changed the World''. The concert had been conceived by the [[Socialist Unity Party]]'s [[Free German Youth|youth wing]] in an attempt to placate the youth of [[East Germany]], who were hungry for more freedom and the popular music of the West. However, it is Kirschbaum's opinion that the success of the concert catalyzed opposition to the regime in East Germany, and helped contribute to the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]] the following year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crossland |first=David |date=June 19, 2013 |title=Chimes of Freedom: How Springsteen Helped Tear Down the Wall |work=Der Spiegel |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/book-says-springsteen-concert-helped-bring-down-berlin-wall-a-906236-2.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620162251/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/book-says-springsteen-concert-helped-bring-down-berlin-wall-a-906236-2.html |archive-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref>

Later in 1988, Springsteen headlined the worldwide [[Human Rights Now!]] tour for [[Amnesty International]]. In October 1989, he dissolved the E Street Band.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Luerssen |first=John D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NCGDwAAQBAJ&q=In+late+1989%2C+he+dissolved+the+E+Street+Band&pg=PT229 |title=Bruce Springsteen FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Boss |date=September 1, 2012 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-61713-460-9 |language=en |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414022021/https://books.google.com/books?id=4NCGDwAAQBAJ&q=In+late+1989%2C+he+dissolved+the+E+Street+Band&pg=PT229 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Margotin|Guesdon|2020|p=304}}