Editing Brown bear (section)

===Size===
[[File:Brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) smiling.jpg|thumb|Brown bears are highly variable in size. Eurasian brown bears often fall around the middle to low sizes for the species.|alt=A photo of a smiling brown bear standing by a lake]]
The brown bear is the most variable in size of modern bears. The typical size depends upon which population it is from, as most accepted subtypes vary widely in size. This is in part due to [[sexual dimorphism]], as male brown bears average at least 30% larger than females in most subtypes. Individual bears vary in size seasonally, weighing the least in spring due to lack of foraging during hibernation, and the most in late fall, after a period of [[Hyperphagia (ecology)|hyperphagia]] to put on additional weight to prepare for hibernation.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Hissa, R.|author2=Siekkinen, J.|author3=Hohtola, E.|author4=Saarela, S.|author5=Hakala, A.|author6=Pudas, J.|year=1994|title=Seasonal patterns in the physiology of the European brown bear (''Ursus arctos arctos'') in Finland|pmid=8529017|journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology|volume=109|issue=#3|pages=781–791|doi=10.1016/0300-9629(94)90222-4|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14671511|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615041954/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14671511_Seasonal_patterns_in_the_physiology_of_the_European_brown_bear_Ursus_arctos_arctos_in_Finland|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name= McLellan>{{cite journal|author=McLellan, B. N. |year=2011|title=Implications of a high-energy and low-protein diet on the body composition, fitness, and competitive abilities of black (''Ursus americanus'') and grizzly (''Ursus arctos'') bears|journal= Canadian Journal of Zoology|volume= 89|issue=#6|pages=546–558|doi=10.1139/z11-026|bibcode=2011CaJZ...89..546M }}</ref>

[[File:Description iconographique comparée du squelette et du système dentaire des mammifères récents et fossiles (Ursus arctos californicus).jpg|thumb|Brown bear skeleton]]

Brown bears generally weigh {{cvt|80|to|600|kg}}, with males outweighing females.<ref name="pasitschniak-arts1993mamsp">{{Cite journal |last=Maria Pasitschniak-Arts |date=23 April 1993 |title=Ursus arctos |url=https://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-439-01-0001.pdf |journal=Mammalian Species |issue=439 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.2307/3504138 |jstor=3504138 |access-date=5 March 2023 |archive-date=5 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305165411/https://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-439-01-0001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> They have a head-and-body length of {{cvt|1.4|to|2.8|m}} and a shoulder height of {{cvt|70|to|153|cm}}. The tail is relatively short, as in all bears, ranging from {{cvt|6|to|22|cm}} in length.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grzimek |first=Bernhard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN0079095089 |title=Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals |date=1990 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-909508-4 |pages=52–53 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Walker>{{Cite book |last=Nowak |first=Ronald M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmMvnoyjyYMC |title=Walker's Mammals of the World |date=1991 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0-8018-3970-2 |pages=1083–1093 |language=en}}</ref> The smallest brown bears, females during spring among barren-ground populations, can weigh so little as to roughly match the body mass of males of the smallest living bear species, the [[sun bear]] (''Helarctos malayanus''), while the largest coastal populations attain sizes broadly similar to those of the largest living bear species, the [[polar bear]].<ref name="Christiansen3">{{cite journal|author=Christiansen, P.|year=1999|title=What size were ''Arctodus simus'' and ''Ursus spelaeus'' (Carnivora: Ursidae)?|journal=Annales Zoologici Fennici|volume=36|issue=2|pages=93–102|jstor=23735739}}</ref> Brown bears of the interior are generally smaller, being around the same weight as an average [[Panthera leo melanochaita|lion]], at an average of {{cvt|180|kg}} in males and {{cvt|135|kg}} in females, whereas adults of the coastal populations weigh about twice as much.<ref name= Feldhamer/> The average weight of adult male bears, from 19 populations, was found to be {{cvt|217|kg}} while adult females from 24 populations were found to average {{cvt|152|kg}}.<ref name="pasitschniak-arts1993mamsp"></ref><ref name= Swenson2>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00442-007-0715-1|pmid=17415593|title=Brown bear body mass and growth in northern and southern Europe|journal=Oecologia|volume=153|issue=#1|pages=37–47|year=2007|last1=Swenson|first1=Jon E.|last2=Adamič|first2=Miha|last3=Huber|first3=Djuro|last4=Stokke|first4=Sigbjørn|url=http://bearproject.info/old/uploads/publications/2007%20Swenson%20et%20al%20Oecologia.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://bearproject.info/old/uploads/publications/2007%20Swenson%20et%20al%20Oecologia.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|bibcode=2007Oecol.153...37S|s2cid=5836340}}</ref>