Editing Broken windows theory (section)

==Critical developments==
In an earlier publication of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' released March 1982, Wilson wrote an article indicating that police efforts had gradually shifted from maintaining order to fighting crime.<ref name="wilson_kelling" /> This indicated that order maintenance was something of the past, and soon it would seem as it has been put on the back burner. The shift was attributed to the rise of the social urban riots of the 1960s, and "social scientists began to explore carefully the order maintenance function of the police, and to suggest ways of improving it—not to make streets safer (its original function) but to reduce the incidence of mass violence".<ref name="wilson_kelling" /> Other criminologists argue between similar disconnections, for example, Garland argues that throughout the early and mid 20th century, police in American cities strived to keep away from the neighborhoods under their jurisdiction.<ref name=Muniz2015/> This is a possible indicator of the out-of-control social riots that were prevalent at that time.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} Still many would agree that reducing crime and violence begins with maintaining social control/order.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanin |first=Paolo |date=October 19, 2006 |title=DOES SOCIAL CAPITAL REDUCE CRIME? |url=https://www.economia.unipd.it/sites/decon.unipd.it/files/20060029.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=May 12, 2021 |website=Dept. of Economics, University of Padua, Italy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818042518/http://economia.unipd.it/sites/decon.unipd.it/files/20060029.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-18}}</ref>

[[Jane Jacobs]]' ''[[The Death and Life of Great American Cities]]'' is discussed in detail by Ranasinghe, and its importance to the early workings of broken windows, and claims that Kelling's original interest in "minor offences and disorderly behaviour and conditions" was inspired by Jacobs' work.{{Sfn | Ranasinghe | 2012 | p = 68}} Ranasinghe includes that Jacobs' approach toward social disorganization was centralized on the "streets and their sidewalks, the main public places of a city" and that they "are its most vital organs, because they provide the principal visual scenes".{{Sfn | Jacobs | 1961 | pp = 29, 378}} Wilson and Kelling, as well as Jacobs, argue on the concept of civility (or the lack thereof) and how it creates lasting distortions between crime and disorder. Ranasinghe explains that the common framework of both set of authors is to narrate the problem facing urban public places. Jacobs, according to Ranasinghe, maintains that "Civility functions as a means of informal social control, subject little to institutionalized norms and processes, such as the law" 'but rather maintained through an' "intricate, almost unconscious, network of voluntary controls and standards among people... and enforced by the people themselves".{{Sfn | Ranasinghe | 2012 | p = 72}}