Editing Broccoli (section)

==Cultivation==
The majority of broccoli cultivars are cool-weather crops that do poorly in hot summer weather. Broccoli grows best when exposed to an average daily temperature between {{convert|18|and|23|°C|°F}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=HGIC 1301 Broccoli|last=Smith|first=Powell|date=June 1999|publisher=[[Clemson University]]|url=http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/plants/vegetables/crops/hgic1301.html|access-date=25 August 2009|archive-date=26 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426013514/http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/plants/vegetables/crops/hgic1301.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Branham|first1=Sandra E.|last2=Stansell|first2=Zachary J.|last3=Couillard|first3=David M.|last4=Farnham|first4=Mark W.|date=1 March 2017|title=Quantitative trait loci mapping of heat tolerance in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) using genotyping-by-sequencing|journal=Theoretical and Applied Genetics|language=en|volume=130|issue=3|pages=529–538|doi=10.1007/s00122-016-2832-x|pmid=27900399|s2cid=2361874|issn=1432-2242}}</ref> When the cluster of flowers, also referred to as a "head" of broccoli, appears in the center of the plant, the cluster is generally green. Garden pruners or shears are used to cut the head about {{convert|1|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} from the tip. Broccoli should be harvested before the flowers on the head bloom bright yellow.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Broccoli|last=Liptay|first=Albert|date=1988}}</ref> Broccoli cannot be harvested using machines, but rather is hand-harvested.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Broccoli production|url=https://extension.psu.edu/broccoli-production|publisher=Pennsylvania State University, Extension Service|date=20 June 2005|access-date=10 February 2021|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219130239/https://extension.psu.edu/broccoli-production|url-status=live}}</ref>