Editing Brest, Belarus (section)

===Interwar Poland===
On 9 February 1919, Polish troops entered the city, and it returned to [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], which regained independence three months earlier.{{sfn|Mondalski|1929|p=96}}{{sfn|Pszczółkowski|2014|p=6}} During the [[Polish–Soviet War]] it was occupied by the Soviet Russians on 1 August 1920,{{sfn|Pszczółkowski|2014|pp=6–7}} and recaptured by the Poles on 20 August,{{sfn|Mondalski|1929|p=96}} with borders formally recognized by the [[Treaty of Riga]] of 1921. In 1921, it became the temporary capital of the [[Polesie Voivodeship]] instead of [[Pińsk]].{{sfn|Pszczółkowski|2014|p=7}}{{sfn|Mondalski|1929|p=97}} It was renamed Brześć nad Bugiem (''Brest on the Bug'') on 20 March 1923.

[[File:Bieraście, Bulvarny, Bank. Берасьце, Бульварны, Банк (1930) (3).jpg|thumb|left|Bank of Poland between the wars]]
The city was developed significantly and a number of representative public buildings were erected in [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] and [[Modern architecture|Modernist]] styles, especially at ''Ulica Unii Lubelskiej'' ([[Union of Lublin]] Street, now Lenin Street), including the Bank of Poland, Tax Chamber, Regional Chamber of the State Control, Healthcare Fund and Voivodeship Office.{{sfn|Pszczółkowski|2014|pp=13, 15, 17, 29-30}} Other notable projects include the officials' housing estate, stylistically inspired by historic [[manor houses of Polish nobility]] and the [[garden city movement]], and the Warburg Residential Colony, dedicated to poor Jews who had lost their homes in World War I, founded by Felix M. Warburg, chairman of the Joint Distribution Committee of American Funds for Jewish War Sufferers.{{sfn|Pszczółkowski|2014|pp=18-21, 30-32}} In 1929, city limits were greatly expanded.<ref>{{Cite Polish law|title=Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 31 maja 1929 r. o rozszerzeniu granic miasta Brześcia n/Bugiem w powiecie brzeskim, województwie poleskiem.|year=1929|volume=43|number=354}}</ref>{{sfn|Pszczółkowski|2014|p=9}}

In the twenty years of Poland's sovereignty, of the total of 36 brand new schools established in the city, there were ten public, and five private [[Jewish day school|Jewish schools]] inaugurated, with [[Yiddish]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] as the language of instruction. The first-ever Jewish school in Brześć history opened in 1920, almost immediately after Poland's return to independence. In 1936 Jews constituted 41.3% of the Brześć population or 21,518 citizens. Some 80.3% of private enterprises were run by Jews.<ref name="Davies">[[Norman Davies]], ''[[God's Playground]]'' (Polish edition), Second volume, p.512-513</ref><ref name="Jerzy Tomaszewski">{{cite book|title=Economic Change and the National Question in Twentieth-century Europe|author=Alice Teichova|author-link=Alice Teichova|author2=Herbert Matis|author3=Jaroslav Pátek|year=2000|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UVxY-8Xk-sC&q=nowogrodek++++minorities&pg=PA345 | isbn=978-0-521-63037-5 | pages=342–344}}
</ref><ref name="Stosunki">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100529211839/http://old.bialorus.pl/index.php?secId=49&docId=57&&Rozdzial=historia Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką]}}, (''Polish-Byelorussian relations under the Soviet occupation''). ''Bialorus.pl'' {{in lang|pl}}</ref> The [[Polish Army]] troops of the 9th Military District along with its headquarters were stationed in Brześć Fortress.

The city had an overwhelmingly Jewish population during Russian rule: 30,000 out of 45,000 total population according to Russian 1897 census, which fell to 21,000 out of 50,000 according to the [[Polish census of 1931]].<ref>Joshua D. Zimmerman, ''Poles, Jews, and the politics of nationality'', [[University of Wisconsin Press]], 2004, {{ISBN|0-299-19464-7}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6sbr9cZyw_4C&dq=population+Brest+Poles+Jews&pg=PA16 Google Print, p.16]</ref><ref name=Browning>Christopher R. Browning, ''Nazi policy, Jewish workers, German killers', [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ewncj-TwLycC&dq=population+Brest+Poles+Jews&pg=PA124 Google Print, p.124]</ref>