Editing Braunschweig (section)

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|1330|16000
|1758|22500
|1788|26000
|1811|27600
|1830|35300
|1849|39000
|1880|75000
|1890|100000
|1900|128200
|1925|146900
|1939|196068
|1951|231091
|1956|240431
|1961|246085
|1966|234665
|1971|222805
|1976|268519
|1981|260342
|1986|247836
|1990|258833|2001|245516|2011|242537|2021|251316|2024|272417|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}

Braunschweig has a population of 272,000 and is the 2nd largest city in [[Lower Saxony]]. Braunschweig is considered as one of the oldest cities in Germany, founded in 1031 by [[Henry the Lion]]. Braunschweig first reached its peak of over 100,000 in 1890. In the 1960s and 1970s industrialization boomed in Braunschweig due to automobile and other companies coming to Braunschweig and surrounding cities like [[Wolfsburg]] and [[Salzgitter]]. Braunschweig's population reached its highest peak of population in 1975 with population of about 273,000 and is expected to exceed this count during the year 2025 and other years. Braunschweig's population started to decline in the 1980s. In the 1990s - after the [[German reunification]] - it began to grow again as many East Germans moved there due to its close proximity to former [[East Germany]], 75% of the Germans living in Braunschweig come from different parts of Germany; most are from [[Former East Germany]], [[Hessen]] and [[North Rhine Westphalia]]. Currently, Braunschweig has a strong focus on research and development. According to 2019 data, it has the highest [[R&D]] intensity (ratio of R&D expenditure to [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]) in the entire EU and over 4% of all employed people are R&D personnel.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/15234730/17582411/KS-HA-23-001-EN-N.pdf |title=Eurostat regional yearbook: 2023 edition |publisher=(Publications Office of the) European Union |year=2023 |isbn=978-92-68-05058-3 |location=Luxembourg |pages=152, 158 |doi=10.2785/606702 |issn=2363-1716 |author1=European Commission. Statistical Office of the European Union. }}</ref>

===Religion===
In 2015, 91,785 people (or 36.3% of the population) were [[Protestant Church in Germany|Protestant]] and 34,604 (13.7%) people were [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]; 126,379 people (50.0%) either adhered to other denominations or followed no religion.<ref name="Population">{{cite web |url=http://www.braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/nachrichten/medien/stapak2015_Bevoelkerung_in_StBez_folder.pdf |title=Aktuelle Bevölkerungsdaten |publisher=braunschweig.de |date=2015-12-31 |access-date=2016-02-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215060249/http://braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/nachrichten/medien/stapak2015_Bevoelkerung_in_StBez_folder.pdf |archive-date=2016-02-15 }}</ref>

===Islam===
Roughly 27,000 Muslims (9.8% of the population)
were in Braunschweig during 2024. Mosques like [[DMK Moschee]], [[Fatih Moschee Braunschweig]] and cultural clubs are present throughout the city but mosque buildings with minerates have not been built in Braunschweig but can be seen in its [[urban area]] for example the [[Grüne Moschee]] in Wolfenbüttel, [[Fatih Moschee Salzgitter]] and the [[Albanischer-Kulturverein]] in Gifhorn.

[[File:Moschee,_2,_Kniestedt,_Salzgitter.jpg|thumb|Salzgitter Fatih Moschee]]

===Immigration===
A total of 102,156 of Braunschweig's residents, including citizens with [[second passport]], had a [[migration background]] in 2024 (37.5% of the total population). People from over 175 nations live in Braunschweig, contributing to its [[Cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitan]] atmosphere and demographics. A high proportion of foreigners in the city come from [[Asia]] and [[Africa]], something not seen in many cities in a similar size range. One of the main [[right of asylum|asylums]], for refugees and asylum seekers, of Lower Saxony is located in Braunschweig as well as multiple smaller asylums are present throughout the city too, contributing to a higher amount of migrants and refugees in the city compared to other parts of the state though a high number of them are not counted as residents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fluechtlinge.niedersachsen.de/startseite/koodinierung_fluechtlingsversorgung/fluechtlinge_niedersachsen/erstaufnahmeeinrichtungen/|title=Aufnahme, Unterbringung und Verteilung &#124; Flüchtlinge in Niedersachsen}}</ref> The city's [[universities]] and interest in increasing the number of families from foreign countries has led to a higher trend in immigration. Braunschweig has had a relatively stable population because of multiple housing restrictions and other factors but many Germans are leaving the city so in order to take up their spaces, many foreigners are coming to the city. Multiple [[residential areas]] are being constructed in order to withstand the high inflow of migrants to the city. 

By the year [[2030]], over 44% of the population in Braunschweig is projected to have a foreign background, this includes first and second [[generation]] foreigners and [[Naturalization|naturalized foreigners]] due to around 51% of the population below 18 having foreign ancestry and high immigration rate. The population is also expected to increase by 20% by the year 2030 from 2020. <ref>https://www.niedersachsen.de/download/166746/_Niedersachsen_2030_Potenziale_und_Perspektiven_Gutachten_der_Kommission_Niedersachsen_2030_barrierefrei_PDF_.pdf</ref>

[[Weststadt (Braunschweig)|Weststadt]] has the highest migration percentage of all [[districts]] being 63.2%, followed by [[Nordstadt-Schunteraue(Braunschweig)|Nordstadt-Schunteraue]] with 55.8%, [[Westliches Ringgebiet(Braunschweig)|Westliches Ringgebiet]] with 52.4% and [[Mitte (Braunschweig)|Mitte]] with 49.6%.<ref name="Population"/> Among the 37.5% of people with a migration background, 47,946 were [[Non-German]] citizens (17.6%);<ref name="Population"/> the following table lists up the largest minority groups, including citizens with a [[migration background]] from a specific nation or region:
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable col2right"
! style="background:#efefef;"|Nationality
! style="background:#efefef;"|Population<br>(31 Mar 2024)
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}|| 13,303
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}|| 10,665
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}|| 8,278
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}|| 5,770
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}|| 4,235
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}|| 3,630
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}|| 3,462
|-
|{{flag|China}}|| 3,100
|-
|{{flag|India}}|| 3,087
|-
|{{flag|Cameroon}}|| 2,233
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}|| 2,136
|-
|{{flag|Serbia}}|| 2,122
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}|| 2,044
|-
|{{flag|Portugal}}|| 2,028
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}|| 1,502
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}|| 1,382
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}|| 1,307
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}|| 1,278
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}|| 1,207
|-
|{{flag|Ghana}}|| 1,100
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}|| 1,003
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}|| 871
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}|| 786
|-
|{{flag|Thailand}}|| 776
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| 723
|}
<ref name="braunschweig_Infoline_StaFo_BS_2024-07_MigraPro_2023_ee">{{cite web|url=https://www.braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/fb_institutionen/fachbereiche_referate/fb01/ref0120/stadtforschung/Infoline_StaFo_BS_2024-07_MigraPro_2023_ee.pdf |title=Bevölkerung mit erweitertem Migrationshintergrund in Braunschweig am 31.12.2023 |website=braunschweig.de |date=2024 |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref>
<ref name="braunschweiger-zeitung.de">{{cite web |url=https://www.braunschweiger-zeitung.de/braunschweig/article236513033/Braunschweig-Ein-Zuhause-fuer-Menschen-aus-170-Laendern.html |title=Braunschweig – Ein Zuhause für Menschen aus 170 Ländern |website=braunschweiger-zeitung.de |date=2022-09-24 |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>https://www.braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/fb_institutionen/fachbereiche_referate/fb01/ref0120/stadtforschung/Infoline_StaFo_BS_2021-07_MigraPro_2020.pdf</ref>
<ref>https://www.braunschweig.de/politik_verwaltung/fb_institutionen/fachbereiche_referate/fb01/ref0120/stadtforschung/Infoline_StaFo_BS_2022-06_Staatsangehoerigkeiten_2021.pdf</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | title=Ausländeranteil in Niedersachsen bis 2023 | website=Statista | date=2024-06-14 | url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/274556/umfrage/auslaenderanteil-in-niedersachsen/ | language=de }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | title=Ausländer in Niedersachsen nach Staatsangehörigkeit 2023 | website=Statista | date=2024-05-02 | url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1095056/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-niedersachsen-nach-staatsangehoerigkeit/ | language=de }}</ref>

{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable col1left" style="text-align:right;"
|+Numbers of people with [[migration background]] by continent
! Continent
! Population<br>(31 Mar 2024)
! style="background:#efefef;"|Percentage 
|-
|[[Europe]] (excluding Germany)|| 42,537 || 41.6%
|-
|[[Asia]]|| 40,734 || 39.9%
|-
|[[Africa]]|| 14,398 || 14.1%
|-
|[[South America]]|| 3,143 || 3.1%
|-
|[[North America]]|| 1,090 || 1.1%
|-
|[[Oceania]]|| 254 || 0.2%
|-style="background:#FFFFE0;"
|'''Total'''||'''102,156'''||'''100.0%'''
|}

===Urban Agglomeration===
The [[urban agglomeration]] area of Braunschweig is approximately 551,000 in 2024, making it one of the largest [[regiopolis]] in [[Germany]] and the largest one in [[Lower Saxony]]. This area includes  [[Wolfenbüttel]], [[Meine]],  northern parts of [[Salzgitter]], [[Weddel]], [[Sickte]], [[Timmerlah]], [[Lengede]] and other towns and regions within a 15 kilometer radius though Salzgitter is an exception being 20 kilometers away. The field area and green spaces are not counted because a high amount of the areas are not registered. Braunschweig's urban area makes it a bigger city compared to others with a similar size e.g. [[Aachen]], [[Wiesbaden]] or [[Gelsenkirchen]], and since the urban area is not significantly smaller than [[Hanover]], it makes itself an important and major city in [[Lower Saxony]]. Companies like [[New Yorker (clothing)|New Yorker]], [[Salzgitter AG]], [[Jägermeister]], [[Siemens]], [[Bosch (company)|Bosch]], [[Volkswagen]], [[Nordzucker]], [[Continental AG|Continental]], {{Interlanguage link|Kosatec Computer (German IT distributor)|lt=Kosatec|de|Kosatec Computer}} and others are headquartered or have a branch in this area.

The [[Metropolitan area|metropolitan]] population of Braunschweig is 1.66 million and is considered as [[Region Braunschweig]], including cities and towns such as Wolfsburg, Goslar or Gifhorn, which is the further range of Braunschweig and is not the same as the smaller ranged urban aggomeration.
The metropolitan region of Braunschweig is a subdivision of the larger [[Metropolregion Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg]].

'''Information about the Urban Agglomeration in 2024''':

{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable col2right"
|+Est. population of the areas within the urban agglomeration of Braunschweig
!Place
!Population within the agglomeration 
!Area in km² excluding green spaces
!Population density per km²
!Percentile of people with a migration background 
|-
|Urban Agglomeration||551,628||189.7||2,907||44.8%
|-
|Braunschweig||272,000||82.8||3,265||37.5%
|-
|Salzgitter(Nord, Ost, Nord-Ost)||76,500||22.2||3,446||54.1%
|-
|Wolfenbüttel(Kernstadt)||53,300||14.5||3,655||28.8%
|-
|Kreis Gifhorn||62 000||15.2||4,078||31.3%
|-
|Kreis Wolfenbüttel||47 000||38.7||1,233||18%
|-
|Kreis Peine||41 500||17.3||2,398||30.1%
|}
<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/</ref><ref>https://www.wolfenbuettel.de/Stadtleben/Die-Stadt/Daten-und-Statistik/</ref>
The population of the urban aggomeration with a [[migration background]] in 2024 was 246,995: almost 45% of the population.<ref name="braunschweig_Infoline_StaFo_BS_2024-07_MigraPro_2023_ee"/>
<ref name="braunschweiger-zeitung.de"/><ref name="Integration & Gesellschaft">{{cite web |url=https://www.lkwf.de/Themen-Leistungen/Themen/Soziales-Integration/Integration-Gesellschaft/ |title=Integration & Gesellschaft |language=de |website=lkwf.de |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/147268 |title=Bevölkerung nach Migrationsstatus 2018 nach Landkreisen und kreisfreien Städten |language=de |format=xlsx |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref> This makes the agglomeration one of the most diverse in [[Germany]] and the most in [[Lower Saxony]]. Over 70% of the Germans in the urban agglomeration come from different parts of Germany with most of them coming from eastern States due to the proximity. The city is unique because unlike most cities with immigrant populations concentrated inside the city itself, higher number of migrant populations are also found in surrounding areas. Braunschweig's [[urban agglomeration]] has a higher [[Human migration|migration]] percentage compared to its city due to industrialization and other major factors since 2011. One of the largest [[Chinese in Germany|Chinese]], [[Indians in Germany|Indian]], [[Cameroonians|Cameroonian]], [[Russians in Germany|Russians]], [[Poles in Germany|Polish]], [[Vietnamese people in Germany|Vietnamese]] and [[Tunisian Diaspora|Tunisian]] communities in Germany are located in the surroundings and within Braunschweig.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Largest nationality groups in the urban aggomeration<br>(including citizens with a migration background and a second passport)
! style="background:#efefef;"|Countries predominant<br>in the urban area
! style="background:#efefef;"|Population<br>(31 Mar 2024)
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}|| 304,333
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}|| 21,678
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}|| 18,439
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}|| 15,783
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}|| 11,332
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}|| 9,346
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}|| 7,210
|-
|{{flag|Albania}}|| 6,543
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}|| 6,423
|-
|{{flag|Italy}}|| 6,218
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}|| 5,741
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}|| 5,238
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}|| 4,637
|-
|{{flag|Croatia}}|| 4,472
|-
|{{flag|China}}|| 4,212
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| 4,200
|-
|{{flag|India}}|| 4,124
|-
|{{flag|Cameroon}}|| 3,478
|-
|{{flag|Spain}}|| 3,430
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}|| 3,234
|-
|{{flag|Kosovo}}|| 3,200
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}|| 2,760
|} 
<ref name="braunschweig_Infoline_StaFo_BS_2024-07_MigraPro_2023_ee"/>
<ref name="braunschweiger-zeitung.de"/><ref name="Integration & Gesellschaft"/><ref name="auto"/>