Editing Bloody Sunday (1920) (section)

==Aftermath==
Together, the attacks on the British agents, and the British massacre of civilians, damaged British authority and increased support for the IRA.{{sfn|Hopkinson|2004|p=91}} The killings of the match-goers (including a woman, two children, and a player) made international headlines, damaging British credibility and further turning the Irish public against the British authorities. Some contemporary newspapers, including the nationalist ''[[Freeman's Journal]]'', likened the shootings in Croke Park to the [[Amritsar massacre]], which had taken place in India in April 1919.{{sfn|Foley|2014|ps=: "The headline on the Freeman's Journal recalled the massacre [..] in April 1919 by British Troops in India [..titled..] 'AMRITSAR REPEATED IN DUBLIN'."}} Later commentators also did likewise.{{sfn|Ilahi|2016|pp=140–145}}

When [[Joseph Devlin]], an [[Irish Parliamentary Party]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP), tried to bring up the Croke Park massacre at [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Westminster]], he was shouted down and physically assaulted by his fellow MPs;{{sfn|Dwyer|2005|p=191}} the sitting had to be [[List of incidents of grave disorder in the British House of Commons|suspended]]. There was no public inquiry into the Croke Park massacre. Instead, two British military courts of inquiry into the massacre were held behind closed doors, at the [[Mater Misericordiae University Hospital|Mater Hospital]] and at [[Jervis Street Hospital]]. More than thirty people gave evidence, most of them anonymous Black and Tans, Auxiliaries and British soldiers. One inquiry concluded that unknown civilians probably fired first, either as a warning of the raid or to create panic. But it also concluded: "the fire of the RIC was carried out without orders and exceeded the demands of the situation". Major General Boyd, the British officer commanding Dublin District, added that in his opinion, the firing on the crowd "was indiscriminate, and unjustifiable, with the exception of any shooting which took place inside the enclosure". The findings of these inquiries were suppressed by the British Government, and only came to light in 2000.{{sfn|Leeson|2003|pp=54–55}}

[[File:Thos Whelan + Patrick Moran? March 1921 (35680736786).jpg|thumb|200px|Patrick Moran (left) and Thomas Whelan (right), shortly before they were hanged for their part in the assassinations. Between them is an Auxiliary officer.]]

The IRA assassinations sparked panic among the British military authorities, and numerous British agents fled to Dublin Castle for safety.{{sfn|Dwyer|2005|p=188}} In Britain and in the short term, the killings of the British Army officers received more attention. The bodies of nine of the Army officers assassinated were brought in procession through the streets of London en route to their funerals.{{sfn|Hopkinson|2004|p=88}} The fate of the British agents was seen in Dublin as an IRA intelligence victory, but British Prime Minister [[David Lloyd George]] commented dismissively that his men "got what they deserved, beaten by counter-jumpers". [[Winston Churchill]] added that the agents were "careless fellows ... who ought to have taken precautions".{{sfn|Dolan|2006|p=49}}

One IRA member was captured during the assassinations that morning, and several others were arrested in the following days. [[Frank Teeling]] (who had been captured) was tried for the killing of Lieutenant Angliss along with William Conway, Edward Potter and Daniel Healy. Teeling, Conway and Potter were convicted and sentenced to death. Teeling escaped from prison and the other two were later reprieved. [[Thomas Whelan]], James Boyce, James McNamara and Michael Tobin were arrested for the killing of Lieutenant Baggallay. Only Whelan was convicted; he was executed on 14 March 1921.<ref>Eunan O'Halpin & Daithí Ó Corráin. ''The Dead of the Irish Revolution''. Yale University Press, 2020. p. 225</ref> [[Patrick Moran (Irish republican)|Patrick Moran]] was sentenced to death for Gresham Hotel killings and also executed on 14 March.<ref>Eunan O'Halpin & Daithí Ó Corráin. ''The Dead of the Irish Revolution''. Yale University Press, 2020. p. 338</ref>

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) named one of the stands in Croke Park as the Hogan Stand in memory of Michael Hogan, the football player killed in the incident.<ref>{{cite news |title=The day 14 died in Croke Park: Remembering those killed 99 years ago |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/the-day-14-died-in-croke-park-remembering-those-killed-99-years-ago-1.4088629 |quote=the GAA’s own blood sacrifice on Bloody Sunday […] was chiefly memorialised in the person of the most famous victim, Tipperary's Mick Hogan, the only player to be killed and after whom the Hogan Stand was named |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=20 November 2019 |access-date=25 November 2019 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124031622/https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/the-day-14-died-in-croke-park-remembering-those-killed-99-years-ago-1.4088629 |url-status=live }}</ref>

James "Shanker" Ryan, who had informed on Clancy and McKee, was shot and killed by the IRA in February 1921.<ref>{{cite book |last=Connell |first=Joseph E.A. |title=Where's where in Dublin: a directory of historic locations, 1913–1923: the Great Lockout, the Easter Rising, the War of Independence, the Irish Civil War |quote=James (Shanker) Ryan, the one who betrayed Peadar Clancy and Dick McKee, was killed [..in Hyne's pub..] on 5 February 1921 |publisher=[[Dublin City Council]] |date=2006 |page=55 |isbn=9780946841820}}</ref>

IRA assassinations continued in Dublin for the remainder of the war, in addition to more large-scale [[urban guerrilla]] actions by the Dublin Brigade. By the spring of 1921, the British had rebuilt their intelligence organisation in Dublin, and the IRA were planning another assassination attempt on British agents in the summer of that year. However, many of these plans were called off because of the truce that ended the war in July 1921.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ó Ruairc |first=Pádraig Óg |title=Truce: Murder, Myth and the Last Days of the Irish War of Independence |publisher=Mercier Press |date=2016 |isbn=9781781173855}}</ref>