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===Basic strategy=== Each blackjack game has a basic strategy, the optimal method of playing any hand. When using basic strategy, the long-term [[house advantage]] (the expected loss of the player) is minimized. An example of a basic strategy is shown in the table below, which applies to a game with the following specifications:<ref name="wizardofodds.com">{{Cite web |title=4-Deck to 8-Deck Blackjack Strategy - Wizard of Odds |url=http://wizardofodds.com/games/blackjack/strategy/4-decks/ |access-date=30 April 2014 |publisher=Wizard of Odds Consulting, Inc}}</ref> * Four to eight decks * The dealer hits on a soft 17 * A double is allowed after a split * Only original bets are lost on dealer blackjack {| border="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:1em auto;" |- ! rowspan="2" | Player hand ! colspan="10" | Dealer's face-up card |- | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | A |- ! colspan="11" | Hard totals (excluding pairs) |- ! 18β21 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S |- ! 17 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:white; color:black" | Us |- ! 16 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:white; color:black" | Uh | style="background:white; color:black" | Uh | style="background:white; color:black" | Uh |- ! 15 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:white; color:black" | Uh | style="background:white; color:black" | Uh |- ! 13β14 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 12 | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 11 | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh |- ! 10 | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 9 | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 5β8 | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! colspan="11" | Soft totals |- | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | A |- ! A,9 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S |- ! A,8 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Ds | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S |- ! A,7 | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Ds | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Ds | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Ds | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Ds | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Ds | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! A,6 | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! A,4βA,5 | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! A,2βA,3 | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! A,A{{efn|group=nb|For the specific circumstance where the player has a pair of aces and is forbidden to split but permitted to hit.}} | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! colspan="11" | Pairs |- | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | A |- ! A, A | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP |- ! 10,10 | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S |- ! 9,9 | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:red; color:black" | S | style="background:red; color:black" | S |- ! 8,8 | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:white; color:black" | Usp |- ! 7,7 | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 6,6 | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 5,5 | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:cyan; color:black" | Dh | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 4,4 | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |- ! 2,2β3,3 | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:yellow; color:black" | SP | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H | style="background:lime; color:black" | H |} Key: :<span style="background:red; color:black">'''S'''</span> = Stand :<span style="background:lime; color:black">'''H'''</span> = Hit :<span style="background:cyan; color:black">'''Dh'''</span> = Double (if not allowed, then hit) :<span style="background:cyan; color:black">'''Ds'''</span> = Double (if not allowed, then stand) :<span style="background:yellow; color:black">'''SP'''</span> = Split :<span style="background:white; color:black">'''Uh'''</span> = Surrender (if not allowed, then hit) :<span style="background:white; color:black">'''Us'''</span> = Surrender (if not allowed, then stand) :<span style="background:white; color:black">'''Usp'''</span> = Surrender (if not allowed, then split) Most basic strategy decisions are the same for all blackjack games. Rule variations call for changes in only a few situations. For example, to use the table above on a game with the stand-on-soft-17 rule (which favors the player, and is typically found only at higher-limit tables today) only 6 cells would need to be changed: hit on 11 ''vs.'' A, hit on 15 ''vs.'' A, stand on 17 ''vs.'' A, stand on A,7 ''vs.'' 2, stand on A,8 ''vs.'' 6, and split on 8,8 ''vs.'' A. Regardless of the specific rule variations, taking insurance or "even money" is never the correct play under a basic strategy.<ref name="wizardofodds.com" /> Estimates of the house edge for blackjack games quoted by casinos and gaming regulators are based on the assumption that the players follow basic strategy. Most blackjack games have a house edge of between 0.5% and 1%, placing blackjack among the cheapest casino table games for the player. Casino promotions such as complimentary matchplay vouchers or 2:1 blackjack payouts allow players to acquire an advantage without deviating from basic strategy.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=How to Win at Blackjack β Strategies 2021 |url=https://veritop.com/casino-games/blackjack/strategies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513010325/https://veritop.com/casino-games/blackjack/strategies |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |website=Veritop}}</ref>
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