Editing Biostatistics (section)

=== Experimental design ===
[[Experimental designs]] sustain those basic principles of [[design of experiments|experimental statistics]]. There are three basic experimental designs to randomly allocate [[treatment group|treatments]] in all [[Quadrat|plots]] of the [[experiment]]. They are [[completely randomized design]], [[randomized block design]], and [[factorial designs]]. Treatments can be arranged in many ways inside the experiment. In [[agriculture]], the correct [[experimental design]] is the root of a good study and the arrangement of [[treatment group|treatments]] within the study is essential because [[environment (systems)|environment]] largely affects the [[Quadrat|plots]] ([[plants]], [[livestock]], [[microorganism]]s). These main arrangements can be found in the literature under the names of "[[lattice model (physics)|lattices]]", "incomplete blocks", "[[split plot]]", "augmented blocks", and many others. All of the designs might include [[Scientific control|control plots]], determined by the researcher, to provide an [[Estimation theory|error estimation]] during [[inference]].

In [[clinical studies]], the [[sample (statistics)|sample]]s are usually smaller than in other biological studies, and in most cases, the [[environment (systems)|environment]] effect can be controlled or measured. It is common to use [[Randomized controlled trial|randomized controlled clinical trials]], where results are usually compared with [[observational study]] designs such as [[case–control]] or [[cohort (statistics)|cohort]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Szczech|first1=Lynda Anne|last2=Coladonato|first2=Joseph A.|last3=Owen|first3=William F.|title=Key Concepts in Biostatistics: Using Statistics to Answer the Question "Is There a Difference?"|journal=Seminars in Dialysis|date=4 October 2002|volume=15|issue=5|pages=347–351|doi=10.1046/j.1525-139X.2002.00085.x|pmid=12358639|s2cid=30875225}}</ref>