Editing Bikini (section)

=== Rise to popularity ===
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| image1    = Mimi Kok (1951).jpg
| caption1  = [[Mimi Kok]], Netherlands, 1951
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| image2    = Dalida Senigallia 4.jpg
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| caption2  = [[Dalida]], Italy, 1968
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| caption3  = [[Graciela Alfano]], Argentina, 1972
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Increasingly common [[glamour photography|glamour shots]] of popular actresses and models on either side of the Atlantic played a large part in bringing the bikini into the mainstream.<ref name=MMOA>{{cite web|last=Charleston|first=Beth Duncuff|title=The Bikini|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/biki/hd_biki.htm|work=Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=August 15, 2013|location=New York|date=October 2004}}</ref> During the 1950s, Hollywood stars such as [[Ava Gardner]], [[Rita Hayworth]], [[Lana Turner]],<ref name=turner /><ref name=firstB>{{cite news|title=Photos: On this day–July 5, 1946–the first bikini goes on sale|url=http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/#4|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130823002850/http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2013|access-date=August 23, 2013|newspaper=New Haven Register|date=July 5, 2013}}</ref> [[Elizabeth Taylor]],<ref name=firstB /> [[Tina Louise]],<ref name=firstB /> [[Marilyn Monroe]],<ref name=firstB /> [[Esther Williams]], and [[Betty Grable]]<ref name=menkes>Suzy Menkes, "[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D81430F93BA25754C0A965958260 Runways: Remembrance of Thongs Past]", ''The New York Times'', July 18, 1993</ref> took advantage of the risqué publicity associated with the bikini by posing for photographs wearing them—[[Pin-up girl|pin-ups]] of Hayworth and Williams in costume were especially widely distributed in the United States.<ref name=heritage /> In 1950, [[Elvira Pagã]] walked at the [[Rio Carnival]], Brazil in a golden bikini, starting the bikini tradition of the carnival.<ref name="rio">Colin M. MacLachlan, ''A History of Modern Brazil: The Past Against the Future'', page 184, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1993, {{ISBN|978-1-4616-6547-2}}</ref>

In Europe, 17-year-old [[Brigitte Bardot]] wore scanty bikinis (by contemporary standards) in the French film ''Manina, la fille sans voiles'' ("Manina, the girl unveiled"). The promotion for the film, released in France in March 1953, drew more attention to Bardot's bikinis than to the film itself. By the time the film was released in the United States in 1958, it was re-titled ''[[Manina, the Girl in the Bikini]]''. Bardot was also photographed wearing a bikini on the beach during the 1957 [[Cannes Film Festival]]. Working with her husband and agent [[Roger Vadim]], she garnered significant attention with photographs of her wearing a bikini on every beach in the south of France.<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of the Bikini|url=http://www.elle.com/fashion/g2906/the-history-of-the-bikini-654900/#slide-6|publisher=ELLE|date=April 23, 2012 | access-date=August 21, 2013}}</ref>

Similar photographs were taken of [[Anita Ekberg]] and [[Sophia Loren]], among others. According to ''The Guardian'', Bardot's photographs in particular turned [[Saint-Tropez]] into the beachwear capital of the world,<ref name=Guard /> with Bardot identified as the original Cannes bathing beauty.<ref>Cari Beauchamp & [[Henri Béhar]], '' Hollywood on the Riviera: The Inside Story of the Cannes Film Festival'', page 165, W. Morrow and Co., 1992, {{ISBN|0-688-11007-X}}</ref> Bardot's photography helped to enhance the public profile of the festival, and Cannes in turn played a crucial role in her career.<ref name="a">Vanessa R. Schwartz, '' It's So French!: Hollywood, Paris, and the Making of Cosmopolitan Film Culture'', page 79, University of Chicago Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-226-74243-1}}</ref>

{{multiple image
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| image1            = Salgueiro-29.JPG (3028018098).jpg
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| caption1          = A [[Samba (Brazilian dance)|Samba dancer]] in a bikini at the [[Rio Carnival]], 2009. The bikini tradition of Rio Carnival started in 1950.<ref name="rio"/><ref>Alexandra Wagner, [https://www.mybucketlistevents.com/history-tradition-costumes-rio-carnival/ The History and Tradition of Rio Carnival Costumes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222501/https://www.mybucketlistevents.com/history-tradition-costumes-rio-carnival/ |date=June 29, 2020 }}, Bucketlistevent, February 7, 2017</ref>
| image2            = Nurnaningsih in bikini, c. 1955.jpg
| width2            = 130
| caption2          = Indonesian actress [[Nurnaningsih]], 1955
}}

[[Brian Hyland]]'s novelty-song hit "[[Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini]]" became a ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' No. 1 hit during the summer of 1960: the song tells a story about a young girl who is too shy to wear her new bikini on the beach, thinking it too risqué.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Suddath|first=Claire|title=Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2080983,00.html|magazine=Time|access-date=August 15, 2013|date=July 5, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Playboy]]'' first featured a bikini on its cover in 1962; the ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue]]'' debut two years later featured [[Babette March]] in a white bikini on the cover.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Gibson |first1=Megan |title=Top 10 Bikinis in Pop Culture |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2081023,00.html |magazine=Time |access-date=17 June 2018 |date=5 July 2011}}</ref> This has been credited with making the bikini a legitimate piece of clothing.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.journalstar.com/articles/2006/07/28/sunday_am/doc44bec4c0d94a5233525588.txt | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706155241/http://www.journalstar.com/articles/2006/07/28/sunday_am/doc44bec4c0d94a5233525588.txt | archive-date=July 6, 2008 | title=The bikini celebrates 60 years | date=July 22, 2006 }}</ref>

[[Ursula Andress]], appearing as [[Honey Ryder]] in the 1962 British [[James Bond]] film, ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', wore a [[White bikini of Ursula Andress|white bikini]], which became known as the "[[White bikini of Ursula Andress|Dr. No bikini]]". It became one of the most famous bikinis of all time and an iconic moment in cinematic and fashion history.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1314376/Former-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1314376/Former-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Former Bond girl to sell Dr No bikini|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=January 13, 2011|access-date=May 16, 2011|location=London|first=Will|last=Bennett}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Bensimon2006">{{cite book|last=Bensimon|first=Kelly Killoren|title=The Bikini Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__DqAAAAMAAJ|access-date=May 16, 2011|date=June 5, 2006|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51316-3}}</ref><ref name="Lindner2009">{{cite book|last=Lindner|first=Christoph|title=The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vbIrAQAAIAAJ|access-date=May 16, 2011|date=August 4, 2009|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-8095-1}}</ref> Andress said that she owed her career to that white bikini, remarking, "This bikini made me into a success. As a result of starring in ''Dr. No'' as the first [[Bond girl]], I was given the freedom to take my pick of future roles and to become financially independent."<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="Weekes2007">{{cite book|last=Weekes|first=Karen|title=Women know everything!: 3,241 quips, quotes, & brilliant remarks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTKgWEBhBeoC&pg=PA419|access-date=May 16, 2011|date=April 5, 2007|publisher=Quirk Books|isbn=978-1-59474-169-2|page=419}}</ref>

The bikini finally caught on, and in 1963, the movie ''[[Beach Party]]'', starring [[Annette Funicello]] and [[Frankie Avalon]], led a wave of films that made the bikini a pop-culture symbol, though Funicello was barred from wearing Réard's bikini unlike the other young women in the films. In 1965, a woman told ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' that it was "almost square" not to wear a bikini; the magazine wrote two years later that "65% of the young set had already gone over".<ref name="turner">{{cite web|first=Julia |last=Turner |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/fashion/2013/07/history_of_the_bikini_how_it_came_to_america.html |title=A Brief History of the Bikini |work=Slate |date=July 29, 2013|access-date= August 27, 2013}}</ref>

[[Raquel Welch]]'s [[Fur bikini of Raquel Welch|fur bikini]] in ''[[One Million Years B.C.]]'' (1966) gave the world the most iconic bikini shot of all time and the poster image became an iconic moment in cinema history.<ref>Cambridge Film Trust. (2016). [http://www.cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk/film/one-million-years-bc/ One Million Years B.C.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113011558/http://www.cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk/film/one-million-years-bc |date=January 13, 2017 }} Cambridge Film Festival. Retrieved December 5, 2016.</ref> Her deer skin bikini in ''[[One Million Years B.C.]]'', advertised as "mankind's first bikini",<ref name="Filmfacts">{{cite book |title=Filmfacts 1967 Vol. 10 No. 4 |date=June 15, 1967 |publisher=University of Southern California Division of Cinema, American Film Institute |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbkvAQAAIAAJ |access-date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> (1966) was later described as a "definitive look of the 1960s".<ref name="Mansour2005">{{cite book|last=Mansour|first=David|title=From Abba to Zoom: a pop culture encyclopedia of the late 20th century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hK0rPUF85loC&pg=PA345|year=2005|publisher=[[Andrews McMeel Publishing]]|isbn=978-0-7407-5118-9|page=345|access-date=August 28, 2012}}</ref> Her role wearing the leather bikini made Welch a fashion icon<ref name="BBCW" /> and the photo of her in the bikini became a best-selling pinup poster.<ref name="Mansour2005" />

Stretch [[nylon]] bikini briefs and bras complemented the adolescent boutique fashions of the 1960s, allowing those to be minimal.<ref>Amy De La Haye, ''The Cutting Edge: 50 Years of British Fashion, 1947–1997'', page 183, Overlook Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0-87951-763-8}}</ref> [[DuPont]] introduced [[lycra]] (DuPont's name for [[spandex]]) in the same decade.<ref name="sydelle" /> Spandex expanded the range of novelty fabrics available to designers which meant suits could be made to fit like a second skin without heavy linings.<ref>Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion'', page 255, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, {{ISBN|0-684-31397-9}}</ref> "The advent of Lycra allowed more women to wear a bikini," wrote [[Kelly Killoren Bensimon]], a former model and author of ''The Bikini Book'', "It didn't sag, it didn't bag, and it concealed and revealed. It wasn't so much like lingerie anymore."<ref name="sfgate">{{cite web|last=Rubin|first=Sylvia|title=Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button / But the bikini wasn't a hit until Sixties|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php|work=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=August 19, 2013 |date=July 2, 2006}}</ref> Increased reliance on stretch fabric led to simplified construction.<ref name="MMOA" /> This fabric allowed designers to create the [[string bikini]], and allowed Rudi Gernreich to create the topless monokini.<ref name="SFC">{{cite news |first=Sylvia |last=Rubin |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php | title=Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=July 2, 2006|access-date=August 28, 2013}}</ref> Alternative swimwear fabrics such as [[velvet]], [[leather]], and [[crochet]]ed squares surfaced in the early '70s.<ref name="MMOA" />