Editing Bernard of Clairvaux (section)

===The challenge of heresy===
Bernard had occupied himself in sending bands of monks from his overcrowded monastery into Germany, Sweden, England, Ireland, Portugal, Switzerland, and Italy. Some of these, at the command of Innocent II, took possession of [[Tre Fontane Abbey]], from which [[Eugene III]] was chosen in 1145. Pope Innocent II died in the year 1143. His two successors, [[Pope Celestine II]] and [[Pope Lucius II]], reigned only a short time, and then Bernard saw one of his disciples, Bernard of Pisa, known thereafter as Eugene III, raised to the [[Chair of Saint Peter]]. Bernard sent him, at the pope's own request, various instructions which comprise the often-quoted ''[[De consideratione]].'' Its main argument is that church reform ought to start with the pope. Temporal matters are merely accessories; Bernard insists that piety and meditation were to precede action.{{sfn|McManners|1990|p=210}}

Having previously helped end the schism within the Church, Bernard was now called upon to combat heresy. [[Henry of Lausanne]], a former [[Cluny Abbey|Cluniac]] monk, had adopted the teachings of the [[Petrobrusians]], followers of [[Peter of Bruys]] and spread them in a modified form after Peter's death. Henry of Lausanne's followers became known as [[Henricians]]. In June 1145, at the invitation of Cardinal [[Alberic of Ostia]], Bernard travelled in southern France. His preaching, aided by his ascetic looks and simple attire, helped doom the new sects. Both the Henrician and the Petrobrusian faiths began to die out by the end of that year. Soon afterwards, Henry of Lausanne was arrested, brought before the [[bishop of Toulouse]], and probably imprisoned for life. In a letter to the people of Toulouse, undoubtedly written at the end of 1146, Bernard calls upon them to extirpate the last remnants of the heresy. He also preached against [[Catharism]]. Prior to the second hearing of [[Gilbert of Poitiers]] at the [[Council of Reims (1148)|Council of Reims 1148]], Bernard held a private meeting with a number of the attendees, attempting to pressure them to condemn Gilbert. This offended the various cardinals in attendance, who then proceeded to insist that they were the only persons who could judge the case, and no verdict of heresy was placed against Gilbert.