Editing Bath Abbey (section)

==Architecture==
[[File:Bath Abbey, ceiling - geograph.org.uk - 717407.jpg|thumbnail|Bath Abbey, vaults]]

The Abbey is built of [[Bath stone]], which gives the exterior its yellow colour, and is not a typical example of the [[English Gothic architecture|Perpendicular]] form of [[Gothic architecture]]; the low aisles and [[Arcade (architecture)|nave arcades]] and the very tall clerestory present the opposite balance to that which was usual in perpendicular churches. As this building was to serve as a monastic church, it was built to a cruciform plan, which had become relatively rare in parish churches of the time. The interior contains fine [[fan vault]]ing by [[Robert Vertue|Robert]] and [[William Vertue]], who designed similar vaulting for the Henry VII chapel, at [[Westminster Abbey]]. The building has 52 windows, occupying about 80% of the wall space,<ref name="sacreddest"/> giving the interior an impression of lightness, and reflecting the different attitudes towards churchmanship shown by the clergy of the time and those of the 12th century.

The walls and roofs are supported by [[buttress]]es and surmounted by [[battlement]]s, [[pinnacle]]s and pierced [[parapet]]s, many of which were added by George Manners during his 1830s restorations.<ref name="pastscape"/><ref name=hist/>
[[File:Abadía de Bath, Bath, Inglaterra, 2014-08-12, DD 46.JPG|left|thumbnail|The 16th-century West Door]]
The [[nave]], which has five bays, is {{convert|211|ft}} long and {{convert|35|ft}} wide to the pillars and rises to {{convert|75|ft}},{{sfn|Perkins|1901|p=17}} with the whole church being {{convert|225|ft}} long and {{convert|80|ft}} wide.{{sfn|Britton|1825|p=72}}

The west front, which was originally constructed in 1520, has a large arched window and detailed carvings.<ref name="pastscape"/> Above the window are carvings of angels and to either side long stone ladders with angels climbing up them. Apart from the story mentioned above connecting it with [[Oliver King]], Bishop of Bath and Wells (1495–1503), this is a direct reference to the dream of the patriarch Jacob mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 28:12) and commonly called [[Jacob's Ladder]].

Below the window a battlemented parapet supports a statue and beneath this, on either side of the door, are statues of St Peter and St Paul.{{sfn|Perkins|1901|pp=12–15}} Restoration work in the late 20th century involved cleaning with electronically controlled intermittent water sprays and ammonium carbonate poultices. One of the figures which had lost its head and shoulders was replaced.{{sfn|Astley|1993|pp=13–14}} The sculptures on the West front have been interpreted as representing "spiritual ascent through the virtue of humility and descent through the vice of pride"{{sfn|Luxford|2003|pp=299–322}} and Christ as the Man of Sorrow and the Antichrist.{{sfn|Luxford|2003|pp=299–322}} During the 1990s a major restoration and cleaning work were carried out on the exterior stonework, returning it to the yellow colour hidden under centuries of dirt.{{sfn|Hylson-Smith|2003|p=184}}
{{Clear}}

===Windows===
[[File:Bath Abbey Eastern Stained Glass, Somerset, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|right|254px|The stained glass and altar at the eastern end of the nave]]
The building has 52 windows, occupying about 80 per cent of the wall space. The east end has a square-framed window of seven lights.<ref name="sacreddest" /> It includes a depiction of the nativity made by [[Clayton and Bell]] in 1872,<ref>{{cite web|title=Nativity — Bath Abbey Stained Glass Window Transfer New!|url=http://www.acnuk.org/products.php/306/nativity-bath-abbey-stained-glass-window-transfer|publisher=Aid to the Church in Need|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402130511/http://www.acnuk.org/products.php/306/nativity-bath-abbey-stained-glass-window-transfer|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was presented to the church by the Bath Literary Club.{{sfn|Perkins|1901|pp=17–28}}

The window of the [[Four Evangelists]] over the northwest door is a memorial to Charles Empson, who died in 1861.{{sfn|Perkins|1901|p=17}}

In 2010 a stained glass window was uncovered in the abbey vaults. The design around the window is by [[William Burges]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Bath Abbey window design confirmed as William Burges|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8937000/8937422.stm|access-date=16 September 2011|newspaper=BBC|date=23 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001032659/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8937000/8937422.stm|archive-date=1 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=William Burgess designs in stained glass window found in the Abbey Chambers vaults in Bath|url=http://www.bathaquaglass.com/williamburgesswindowbath.html|publisher=Bath Aqua Glass|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042828/https://www.bathaquaglass.com/williamburgesswindowbath.html|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Tower===
The two-stage central tower is not square but oblong in plan. It has two bell openings on each side and four polygonal turret pinnacles.<ref name=pastscape>{{PastScape|mname=Abbey church of St Peter and St Paul|mnumber=204213|access-date=14 September 2011}}</ref> The tower is {{convert|161|ft}} high,<ref>{{cite web|title=The South West prospect of Bath Abbey (2003)|url=http://www.candle-web.co.uk/mgfa/2003a_bath_abbey_the_south_west_prospect.htm|publisher=Matthew Grayson Fine Arts|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402130516/http://www.candle-web.co.uk/mgfa/2003a_bath_abbey_the_south_west_prospect.htm|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is accessed by a staircase of 212 steps.<ref name=visitbath>{{cite web|title=Bath Abbey|url=http://visitbath.co.uk/things-to-do/attractions/bath-abbey-p24001|publisher=Visit Bath|access-date=11 January 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717120912/http://visitbath.co.uk/things-to-do/attractions/bath-abbey-p24001|archive-date=17 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2022}}[[File:Tower_of_Bath_Abbey_as_seen_from_the_Roman_baths.jpg|thumb|left|Tower as seen from Roman Baths]]

====Bells====
In 1700 the old ring of six bells was replaced by a new ring of eight. All but the tenor still survive. In 1770 two lighter bells were added to create the first ring of ten bells in the diocese. The tenor was recast in 1870.<ref>{{cite web|title=The bells of Bath Abbey|url=http://www.bathabbey.org/music/bell-ringing/bells-bath-abbey|publisher=Bath Abbey|access-date=25 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428140157/http://www.bathabbey.org/music/bell-ringing/bells-bath-abbey|archive-date=28 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The abbey's tower is now home to a [[Ring of bells|ring]] of ten [[Bell (instrument)|bells]], which are hung unconventionally such that the order of the bells from highest to lowest runs anti-clockwise around the ringing chamber, rather than in the usual clockwise fashion. The [[Change ringing#The mechanics of change ringing on tower bells|tenor]] weighs 33 cwt (3,721&nbsp;lb or 1,688&nbsp;kg).<ref name="Dove's — Bath Abbey">{{cite web | title=Dove's Guide — Bath Abbey | url=http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Bath+Abbey&numPerPage=10&searchAmount=%253D&searchMetric=cwt&sortBy=Place&sortDir=Asc&DoveID=BATH++++AB | work=[[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]] | publisher=[[Change ringing#Organization and extent|The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers]] | access-date=17 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513214314/http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Bath+Abbey&numPerPage=10&searchAmount=%253D&searchMetric=cwt&sortBy=Place&sortDir=Asc&DoveID=BATH++++AB | archive-date=13 May 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> Bath is a noted centre of [[change ringing]] in the West Country.

===Interior===
The interior fan vaulting ceiling, originally installed by Robert and William Vertue, was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott between 1864 and 1874.<ref name=hist>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.bathabbey.org/history|publisher=Bath Abbey|access-date=14 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927021807/http://www.bathabbey.org/history|archive-date=27 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The fan vaulting provides structural stability by distributing the weight of the roof down ribs that transfer the force into the supporting columns via the [[flying buttress]]es.{{sfn|Jackson|1975|p=51}}

Gilbert Scott's work in the 1870s included the installation of large gas chandeliers made by the Coventry metalworker [[Francis Skidmore]]. They were converted to electricity in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|title=The late Victorians|url=http://www.bathabbey.org/history/todays-abbey-1535-onwards/late-victorians|publisher=Bath Abbey|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402111544/http://www.bathabbey.org/history/todays-abbey-1535-onwards/late-victorians|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Other new features included a new pulpit and seating. A marble altarpiece from General [[George Wade]] in the sanctuary was removed and replaced with a decorative [[reredos]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mid 19th century|url=http://www.bathabbey.org/history/todays-abbey-1535-onwards/mid-19th-century|publisher=Bath Abbey|access-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402111733/http://www.bathabbey.org/history/todays-abbey-1535-onwards/mid-19th-century|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Pews installed in the nave during Scott's renovations were replaced with stackable chairs in 2018, a move which was opposed by the Victorian Society leading to a [[Consistory court]] case which was decided in favour of the Abbey.<ref>{{cite web |title=Re: The Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath (Bath Abbey)|url=https://www.ecclesiasticallawassociation.org.uk/judgments/reordering/bathabbey2017eccb&w1.pdf|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

In the 1920s [[Thomas Graham Jackson]] redesigned the Norman Chapel into a War Memorial Chapel, now Gethsemane Chapel, and added a [[cloister]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Into the 21st century|url=http://www.bathabbey.org/history/todays-abbey-1535-onwards/21st-century|publisher=Bath Abbey|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402111747/http://www.bathabbey.org/history/todays-abbey-1535-onwards/21st-century|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> New [[choir (architecture)|quire]] screens were installed in 2004, partly to improve the acoustics, topped with 12 carved angels playing musical instruments.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Carved Angels on the Quire Screens in Bath Abbey|url=http://www.peterking.org/carved_angels_15.html|publisher=Peter King|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402130511/http://www.peterking.org/carved_angels_15.html|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

A tiled floor dating from the late 13th to early 14th centuries was discovered in August 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Decorated medieval tiles found under Bath Abbey floor |work=BBC News |date=30 August 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-45354268 |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901200344/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-45354268 |archive-date=1 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Work to rebury coffins which had previously been under the abbey and stabilise the floor included the digging of a trench in which the tiles were uncovered.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands of bodies under Bath Abbey threaten its stability |work=BBC News |date=15 August 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-23685801 |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825181514/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-23685801 |archive-date=25 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Monuments====
[[File:William Bingham Memorial Bath Abbey 20040731.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Memorial to [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[William Bingham]],<br />who died in Bath]]
Within the abbey are 617 wall [[memorial]]s and 847 floor stones.<ref name=mem>{{cite web|title=Memorials|url=http://www.bathabbey.org/history/memorials|publisher=Bath Abbey|access-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929224446/http://www.bathabbey.org/history/memorials|archive-date=29 September 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> They include those dedicated to [[Beau Nash]], Admiral [[Arthur Phillip]] (first Governor of the colony of New South Wales, which became part of Australia after federation in 1901), [[James Montague (bishop)|James Montague]] (Bishop of Bath and Wells), Lady Waller (wife of [[William Waller]], a [[Roundhead]] military leader in the [[English Civil War]]), Elizabeth Grieve (wife of James Grieve, physician to Elizabeth, Empress of Russia), Sir [[William Baker (British politician)|William Baker]], [[John Sibthorp]], [[Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet|Richard Hussey Bickerton]], [[William Hoare]], [[Sir Richard Bickerton, 1st Baronet|Richard Bickerton]] and US Senator [[William Bingham]]. Many of the monuments in the [[Bath Abbey Cemetery|churchyard]] were carved between 1770 and 1860 by [[Reeves of Bath]]. War memorials include those commemorating the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1841–42), the First World War (1914–18), and the Second World War (1939–45). The most recent memorial was installed in 1958 to commemorate [[Isaac Pitman]], the developer of [[Pitman shorthand]], who died in 1897.<ref name=mem/>

====Main organ====
The first mention of an organ in the abbey dates to 1634, but nothing is known of that instrument. The first properly recorded organ in Bath Abbey was built by [[Abraham Jordan]] in 1708. It was modified in 1718 and 1739 by Jordan's son. The specification recorded in 1800 was one of twenty stops spread over three manuals.<ref name="NPOR — Bath Abbey's Jordan organ">{{cite web | title=Bath Abbey: The Jordan organ. Survey of 1802 | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05914 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224074330/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05914 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | access-date=11 January 2014 }}</ref> The compasses of the manuals were extended, one and a half octaves of pedals were added and the instrument renovated in 1802 by John Holland; further repairs were effected by [[Flight & Robson]] in 1826.<ref name="Poliquin" /> This instrument was removed first to the [[Bishop's Palace, Wells|Bishop's Palace at Wells]] in 1836,<ref name="NPOR — The Bishop's Palace, Wells">{{cite web | title=The Bishop's Palace, Wells | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=E00460 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224140119/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=E00460 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=c. 1838 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref> then to [[Church of St Mary, Yatton|St Mary's Church]], [[Yatton]], where it was subsequently rebuilt and extensively modified.<ref name="NPOR — Saint Mary's, Yatton">{{cite web | title=Saint Mary the Virgin, Yatton | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=A01146 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224050753/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=A01146 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=1971 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref>

[[File:Organ of Bath Abbey.JPG|thumb|right|254px|The organ in the north transept, rebuilt in 1997 by [[Klais Orgelbau]]]]

The abbey's next organ was built in 1836 by John Smith of [[Bristol]], to a specification of thirty stops over three manuals and pedals.<ref name="NPOR — Bath Abbey's Smith organ">{{cite web | title=Bath Abbey: The Smith of Bristol organ | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05915 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224031407/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05915 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=1836 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref> This instrument was rebuilt on a new gallery in the North [[Transept]] by William Hill & Son of London in 1868, to a specification of forty stops spread over four manuals and pedals, although the Solo department, which would have brought the total to well over forty, was not completed.<ref name="NPOR — Bath Abbey's Hill organ">{{cite web | title=Bath Abbey: The Hill organ | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05922 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224043706/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05922 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=1868 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref> It was mostly removed to the [[Church of St Peter & St Paul, Cromer|Church of St Peter & St Paul]], [[Cromer]] in 1896, the remainder being kept for incorporation in the new abbey organ.<ref name="NPOR — Cromer Parish Church">{{cite web | title=Cromer Parish Church | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N06212 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224140027/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N06212 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=1912 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref>

A new organ was supplied to the abbey in 1895 by [[Norman and Beard]] of [[Norwich]]. It had 52 stops spread over four manuals and pedals,<ref name="NPOR — Bath Abbey's N&B organ">{{cite web | title=Bath Abbey: The Norman & Beard organ | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05916 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224090158/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05916 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=1927 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref> and stood divided on two steel beams in the North and South [[crossing (architecture)|crossing]] arches, with the [[organ console|console]] standing on the floor next to the north-west [[pier (architecture)|pier]] of the crossing. New cases were to be provided to designs by [[Brian Oliver (architect)|Brian Oliver]] of Bath, but were never executed.<ref name="Poliquin" /> Norman & Beard re-erected it in a new case designed by Sir Thomas Jackson in the North Transept in 1914, with the addition of two stops to the Pedal.<ref name="Poliquin" />
It was again rebuilt by them in 1930, and then by [[William Hill & Son & Norman & Beard Ltd.|Hill, Norman and Beard]] in 1948, which brought the number of stops to 58.<ref name="NPOR — Bath Abbey's HNB organ">{{cite web | title=Bath Abbey: The Hill, Norman & Beard organ | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05917 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224030846/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N05917 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=1950 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref> In 1972 this was increased to a total of 65 speaking stops. The Positive division, with its separate case behind the console, was installed at the same time. Problems caused by the tonal scheme's lack of coherence—the 1895 pipework contrasting sharply with that of 1972—and with reliability, caused by the wide variety of different types of key actions, all difficult to access, led to the decision to have the instrument rebuilt yet again.

The organ was totally reconstructed in 1997 by Klais Orgelbau of Bonn, retaining the existing instrument as far as was possible and restoring it largely to its 1895 condition, although the Positive division was kept.<ref name="NPOR — Bath Abbey's Klais organ">{{cite web | title=Bath Abbey: The Klais organ | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=D03828 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224144740/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=D03828 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=1997 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref> The instrument as it now stands has 63 speaking stops over four manuals and pedals,<ref name="Klais Orgelbau — Bath Abbey">{{cite web|title=Klais Orgelbau: Bath Abbey|url=http://www.orgelbau-klais.com/m.php?tx=1|publisher=Klais Orgelbau|access-date=18 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114112844/http://www.orgelbau-klais.com/m.php?tx=1|archive-date=14 January 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> and is built largely on the Werkprinzip principle of organ layout: the case is only one department deep, except for parts of the Pedal sited at the back rather than the sides of the case. New 75 per cent tin front pipes were made and the case completed with back, side walls and roof. Pierced panelling executed by Derek Riley of Lyndale Woodcarving in [[Saxmundham]], [[Suffolk]], was provided to allow sound egress from the bottom of the case. The old console has been retained but thoroughly rebuilt with modern accessories and all-new manuals. Twenty-two of the organ's 83 ranks contain some pipework from the 1868 instrument. Four ranks are made up entirely of 1868 pipework, and 21 contain 1895 pipework. Only two ranks are entirely of 1895. Forty-eight ranks contain some new pipework, 34 of which are entirely new. Old wind pressures have been used wherever possible. The old wind reservoirs have also been restored rather than replaced. The instrument has [[Tracker action|tracker key action]] on the manuals, with electrically assisted tracker action to the pedals. The stop action is electric throughout.

====Continuo organ====
[[File:Roman baths 2014 16.jpg|thumbnail|Bath Abbey and the Roman baths]]
A four-stop continuo organ was built for the abbey in 1999 by [[Northampton]]-based [[Organ building|organ builder]] [[Kenneth Tickell]].<ref name="NPOR — Bath Abbey's Tickell continuo organ">{{cite web | title=Bath Abbey: The Tickell continuo organ | url=http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=R00041 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224021954/http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=R00041 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 December 2012 | work=The National Pipe Organ Register | publisher=[[British Institute of Organ Studies]] | year=2000 | access-date=18 September 2007 }}</ref> The instrument, contained in a case of dark oak, is portable, and can be tuned to three [[Pitch (music)|pitches]]: A=440&nbsp;Hz (modern concert pitch), A=415&nbsp;Hz and A=465&nbsp;Hz. It is also possible to tune at A=430. A lever pedal can reduce the stops sounding to only the 8' stop and, when released, returns the organ to the registration in use before it was depressed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tickell-organs.co.uk/specInfo/opus42.htm | title=Bath Abbey Chamber Organ | publisher=Kenneth Tickell and Company | access-date=26 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626200754/http://www.tickell-organs.co.uk/specInfo/opus42.htm | archive-date=26 June 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>