Editing Bandar Seri Begawan (section)

==Geography==
The Brunei–Muara District, encompassing {{Convert|563|km2}}, is the smallest of Brunei's western districts and is home to Bandar Seri Begawan. The area contrasts sharply with the mountainous Temburong District to the east, featuring low hills, marshy coastal plains, and narrow alluvial valleys along key rivers.{{Sfn|Chua|Chou|Sadorra|1987|p=5}} Between [[Tutong District|Tutong]] and the capital, hills approach the coast, while the coastal plains around Bandar Seri Begawan remain low and marshy, particularly to the south. Brunei's territory is divided by the [[Limbang]] region of [[Sarawak]], which historically served as the capital's natural [[hinterland]] until its cession to Sarawak in 1890.{{Sfn|Saunders|2013|p=xvi}} The city is easily accessible from Bukit Kota, a 133-meter (436 ft) hill near the eastern boundary of Brunei's western area,<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Brunei Museum Journal |date=1985 |publisher=[[Brunei Museum]] |pages=135 |language=en}}</ref> while TV broadcasts were transmitted from nearby [[Kampong Subok|Subok Hill]].{{Sfn|Gunaratne|2000|p=229}}

The [[Brunei River]], which flows into [[Brunei Bay]], is one of several waterways converging near Bandar Seri Begawan. Key subcatchments—[[Kedayan River]], Sungai Damuan, and Sungai Imang—enter the low-lying, swampy Brunei River basin at various points, with Kedayan River joining close to the city. The area is bordered by ridges and estuarine plains, experiencing significant urban development. The neighboring [[Tutong River|Tutong]] and [[Belait River|Belait]] rivers add to the region's complex estuarine and floodplain systems.{{Sfn|Chua|Chou|Sadorra|1987|p=10}} A strip of thick coal seams runs along the coastline between Bandar Seri Begawan and Muara.{{Sfn|Chua|Chou|Sadorra|1987|p=65}}

===Climate===
Brunei has an equatorial, [[tropical rainforest climate]] more subject to the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] than to the [[trade wind]]s and rare [[cyclone]]s. The climate is hot and wet.<ref>{{citation|encyclopedia=Britannica Student Encyclopedia|title=Brunei|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IOKAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA137|year=2014|isbn=978-1-62513-172-0|page=1}}</ref> The city sees heavy precipitation throughout the year, with the northeast [[monsoon]] blowing from December to March and the southeast monsoon from around June to October.<ref name="Nations1999">{{cite book|author=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Irrigation in Asia in Figures|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__pXx0GpVWoUC|year=1999|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-104259-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__pXx0GpVWoUC/page/n68 65]–}}</ref> The wettest day on record is 9 July 2020, when {{Convert|662.0|mm}} of rainfall was reported at the airport.
{{Weather box
|location = Bandar Seri Begawan ([[Brunei Airport]]) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1972–2020)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = 
 | Jan record high C = 35.5
 | Feb record high C = 36.7
 | Mar record high C = 38.3
 | Apr record high C = 37.6
 | May record high C = 36.7
 | Jun record high C = 36.2
 | Jul record high C = 36.2
 | Aug record high C = 37.6
 | Sep record high C = 36.9
 | Oct record high C = 35.4
 | Nov record high C = 34.9
 | Dec record high C = 36.2
 | year record high C = 
 | Jan high C = 33.0
 | Feb high C = 33.4
 | Mar high C = 34.3
 | Apr high C = 34.5
 | May high C = 34.8
 | Jun high C = 34.5
 | Jul high C = 34.7
 | Aug high C = 35.1
 | Sep high C = 34.6
 | Oct high C = 33.9
 | Nov high C = 33.6
 | Dec high C = 33.5
 | year high C = 

 | Jan mean C = 27.0
 | Feb mean C = 27.2
 | Mar mean C = 27.6
 | Apr mean C = 28.0
 | May mean C = 28.1
 | Jun mean C = 27.9
 | Jul mean C = 27.7
 | Aug mean C = 27.8
 | Sep mean C = 27.6
 | Oct mean C = 27.2
 | Nov mean C = 27.2
 | Dec mean C = 27.2
 | year mean C = 

 | Jan low C = 22.1
 | Feb low C = 22.4
 | Mar low C = 22.7
 | Apr low C = 22.8
 | May low C = 22.8
 | Jun low C = 22.6
 | Jul low C = 22.4
 | Aug low C = 22.4
 | Sep low C = 22.3
 | Oct low C = 22.3
 | Nov low C = 22.6
 | Dec low C = 22.5
 | year low C = 

|Jan record low C = 18.4
|Feb record low C = 18.9
|Mar record low C = 19.4
|Apr record low C = 20.5
|May record low C = 20.3
|Jun record low C = 19.2
|Jul record low C = 19.1
|Aug record low C = 19.4
|Sep record low C = 19.6
|Oct record low C = 20.5
|Nov record low C = 18.8
|Dec record low C = 19.5
|year record low C = 
|rain colour = green
 | precipitation colour = green
 | Jan precipitation mm = 320.6
 | Feb precipitation mm = 162.9
 | Mar precipitation mm = 143.4
 | Apr precipitation mm = 241.8
 | May precipitation mm = 260.3
 | Jun precipitation mm = 237.7
 | Jul precipitation mm = 241.8
 | Aug precipitation mm = 231.5
 | Sep precipitation mm = 235.1
 | Oct precipitation mm = 313.6
 | Nov precipitation mm = 322.9
 | Dec precipitation mm = 358.9
 | year precipitation mm = 

 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
 | Jan precipitation days = 18.0
 | Feb precipitation days = 12.0
 | Mar precipitation days = 13.0
 | Apr precipitation days = 16.0
 | May precipitation days = 18.0
 | Jun precipitation days = 17.0
 | Jul precipitation days = 17.0
 | Aug precipitation days = 17.0
 | Sep precipitation days = 18.0
 | Oct precipitation days = 21.0
 | Nov precipitation days = 22.0
 | Dec precipitation days = 22.0
 | year precipitation days = 
|Jan humidity = 86
|Feb humidity = 85
|Mar humidity = 84
|Apr humidity = 84
|May humidity = 85
|Jun humidity = 84
|Jul humidity = 84
|Aug humidity = 83
|Sep humidity = 84
|Oct humidity = 85
|Nov humidity = 86
|Dec humidity = 86
|year humidity = 
 | Jan sun = 214.3
 | Feb sun = 209.1
 | Mar sun = 230.0
 | Apr sun = 239.2
 | May sun = 239.1
 | Jun sun = 216.5
 | Jul sun = 223.8
 | Aug sun = 225.4
 | Sep sun = 197.2
 | Oct sun = 211.1
 | Nov sun = 216.6
 | Dec sun = 204.2
 | year sun = 
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]],<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-5-WMO-Normals-9120/BruneiDarussalam/CSV/BRUNEI_96315.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 — Brunei
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = 3 January 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes, 1971–2012 and humidity, 1972–1990)<ref name = DWD>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_963150_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Bandar Seri Begawan (Int. Flugh.) / Brunei
| work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 22 November 2016}}</ref>
|date = August 2010
}}