Editing Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (section)

===Rise of factions===
In the winter of 1177–78 the king's widowed sister, Sibylla, gave birth to a son, [[Baldwin V of Jerusalem|Baldwin]], named after the king. A year of [[official mourning]] for the child's father, William, concluded in June 1178 and it became appropriate to seek another husband for her. [[Baldwin of Ibelin]]'s suit was well known, but not entertained. [[Balian of Ibelin]] married the king's stepmother, Queen Maria, in late 1177; Hamilton believes that the king allowed the match in order to avoid antagonizing the [[House of Ibelin|Ibelins]]. In July 1178 Baldwin IV began associating Sibylla with him in some public acts, thereby acknowledging her as next in line to the throne.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=139}} He contemplated her marriage to Duke [[Hugh III of Burgundy]], and wrote to the king of France: "To be deprived of the use of one's limbs is of little help to one in carrying out the work of government ... It is not fitting that a hand so weak as mine should hold power when fear of Arab aggression daily presses upon the Holy City and when my sickness increases the enemy's daring."{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=140}}

[[File:Wedding of Sibyl and Guy ahead of a coup.jpg|thumb|[[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond]] and [[Bohemond III of Antioch|Bohemond]] arriving in Jerusalem to find [[Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem|Sibylla]] married to [[Guy of Lusignan|Guy]]]]

During the [[Holy Week]] in 1180, the prince of Antioch and the count of Tripoli marched with their armies to Jerusalem. Hamilton considers it most likely that their intention was to force the king to have Sibylla marry Baldwin of Ibelin and to then abdicate.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|pp=154–155}} The king had never approved of Baldwin's ambition to marry his sister, and though he did wish to abdicate, he was not keen on having terms forced on him.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=155}} Baldwin acted decisively before his kinsmen's armies reached Jerusalem: he arranged for Sibylla to marry a [[Poitou|Poitevin]] knight, [[Guy of Lusignan]]. Raymond and Bohemond had no option but to accept the ''[[fait accompli]]'', and the coup was foiled.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=156}}

Baldwin had hoped to abdicate, but was prevented by a deep rift within his court.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=158}} The historian [[Steven Runciman]] speaks of a division already at the beginning of Baldwin's reign between the cautious, diplomatic native barons and the Hospitallers on one side and the "aggressive, militantly Christian" newcomers from Western Europe and Templars on the other.{{sfn|Runciman|1952|p=405}} This view, though common in older historiography, is rejected by modern authors such as Bernard Hamilton and Peter Edbury. Hamilton posits that the factions arose only after Sibylla's marriage to Guy and centered on the king's paternal relatives (cousins Raymond of Tripoli and Bohemond of Antioch; stepmother, Maria; and her new family, the Ibelins) and maternal relatives (mother, Agnes; stepfather, Reynald of Sidon; sister, Sibylla; brother-in-law, Guy; uncle, Joscelin; and Raynald of Châtillon), of whom the king supported the latter.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=158}} In light of these problems, Baldwin proposed a two-year truce with Saladin, who was glad to accept in order to campaign freely in northern Syria.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=159}} Baldwin sent his uncle and chief minister, Joscelin, to assure the Byzantine court that Jerusalem still needed their protection. During Joscelin's absence, from mid-1180 to mid-1181, the full burden of government fell on the shoulders of the king, whose health was deteriorating. He relied chiefly on his mother in this period.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|pp=159–160}}

To secure Guy's position and prevent the emergence of an alternative claimant, Baldwin had his eight-year-old half-sister, Isabella, solemnly betrothed to the teenage [[lord of Toron]], [[Humphrey IV]], in October 1180. Isabella was then sent to live at [[Kerak Castle]] with the lady of Transjordan, Humphrey's mother, as far as possible from her maternal kin and potential conspirators.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=161}} By the terms of the marriage contract, Humphrey ceded [[Toron]] to Baldwin, who thus prevented the union of two great fiefs under one vassal and strengthened his position against the count of Tripoli.{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|pp=161–162}}
{{chart top|Baldwin IV's family,{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|pp=xviii, xx}} including the Courtenay party (blue rectangular) and their opponents (red rounded){{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=158}}}}
{{chart/start|align=center}}
{{tree chart |border=0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Baldwin|y|Morphia|Baldwin=[[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]]|Morphia=[[Morphia of Melitene]]}} 
{{tree chart |border=0| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|}} 
{{tree chart |border=0|Eremburga|y|~|Fulk|~|y|Melisende|,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Alice| |Hodierna|Joscelin=[[Joscelin II of Edessa]]|Fulk=[[Fulk V of Anjou]]|Melisende=[[Melisende of Jerusalem]]|Beatrice=[[Beatrice of Saone]]|Alice=[[Alice of Antioch|Alice of Jerusalem]]|Hodierna=[[Hodierna of Jerusalem]]|Eremburga=[[Eremburga of Maine]]}} 
{{tree chart |border=0| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |)|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}} 
{{tree chart |border=0|Geoffrey| |Sibylla| |Baldwin| |Joscelin| |Agnes|y|Amalric|y|Maria|~|Balian| |Stephanie|~|Raynald|~|Constance| |Raymond|William=[[William V of Montferrat]]|Amalric=[[Amalric of Jerusalem]]|Maria=[[Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem|Maria Komnene]]|Balian=[[Balian of Ibelin]]|Agnes=[[Agnes of Courtenay]]|Joscelin=[[Joscelin III of Courtenay|Joscelin of Courtenay]]|Constance=[[Constance of Antioch]]|Raymond=[[Raymond III of Tripoli]]|Baldwin=[[Baldwin III of Jerusalem]]|Geoffrey=[[Geoffrey V of Anjou]]|Sibylla=[[Sibylla of Anjou]]|Raynald=[[Raynald of Châtillon]]|Stephanie=[[Stephanie of Milly]]
|boxstyle_Agnes=border: 1px solid blue;
|boxstyle_Joscelin=border: 1px solid blue;
|boxstyle_Maria=border: 1px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em;
|boxstyle_Balian=border: 1px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em;
|boxstyle_Raymond=border: 1px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em;
|boxstyle_Raynald=border: 1px solid blue;}}
{{tree chart |border=0| |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|.| |`|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}} 
{{tree chart |border=0|Henry| |Philip| |William|y|Sibylla|~|Guy| |Baldwin| |Isabella|~|~|~|~|~|Humphrey| |Bohemond| |Maria|~|Manuel| |BaldwinA|William=[[William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon|William of Montferrat]]|Sibylla=[[Sibylla of Jerusalem]]|Guy=[[Guy of Lusignan]]|Isabella=[[Isabella I of Jerusalem]]|Humphrey=[[Humphrey IV of Toron]]|Baldwin='''Baldwin IV of Jerusalem'''|Bohemond=[[Bohemond III of Antioch]]|Henry=[[Henry II of England]]|Philip=[[Philip I of Flanders]]|Maria=[[Maria of Antioch]]|Manuel=[[Manuel I Komnenos]]|BaldwinA=[[Baldwin of Antioch]]
|boxstyle_Sibylla=border: 1px solid blue;
|boxstyle_Guy=border: 1px solid blue;
|boxstyle_Humphrey=border: 1px solid blue;
|boxstyle_Baldwin=border: 1px solid blue;
|boxstyle_Bohemond=border: 1px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em;}} 
{{tree chart |border=0| | | | | | | | | | | |!|}} 
{{tree chart |border=0| | | | | | | | | | |Baldwin| | | |Baldwin=[[Baldwin V of Jerusalem]]}} 
{{chart/end}}
{{chart bottom}}