Editing Axel Oxenstierna (section)

====Torstenson War====
In May 1643, the Swedish Privy Council decided to attack Denmark. The [[Torstenson War]] was at large parts the work of Oxenstierna. The purpose was to gain territories from Denmark and be released from the Danish [[Sound Dues]].<ref name="Trettioåriga kriget"/> Another factor might have been a will to avenge the tough peace [[Treaty of Knäred]] in 1613. Whatever the reason, Oxenstierna considered the time was right to finally settle the score with Denmark. Swedish troops led by Field Marshal [[Lennart Torstensson]] attacked Danish [[Jutland]] from Germany, while Field Marshal [[Gustav Horn, Count of Pori|Gustav Horn]] was in charge of the troops that attacked [[Scania]].<ref name="Trettioåriga kriget - Denmark-Sweden">{{cite book|last=Ericson Wolke|first=Lars|author2=Larsson, Villstrand|title=Trettioåriga kriget|year=2006|editor=Historiska Media|pages=191–199|publisher=Historiska media |isbn=91-85377-37-6|language=sv}}</ref> 

In July 1644, [[Andries Bicker]] and [[Jacob de Witt]] were sent as envoy to Oxenstierna and the queen to mediate between Sweden and Denmark.<ref name="Aa518" >[http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/vdaa?source=aa__001biog02_01.xml&page=519&view=imagePane Abraham Jacob van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden (BWN), (1878), volume 1-2, p 517]</ref> Oxenstierna spoke [[High German]], Christina Dutch.<ref>[https://www.vriendenvandewitt.nl/assets/files/johan-in-zweden181123-2-2.pdf Johan de Witt in Zweden ]</ref>  The outcome of the war was decided in the naval [[Battle of Fehmarn (1644)]] in October when the Royal Swedish Navy decisively defeated the Danish Navy. The defeat of the Danish Navy left the Danish isles open to a Swedish invasion, and Denmark sued for peace.<ref>[https://www.vriendenvandewitt.nl/assets/files/johan-in-zweden181123-2-2.pdf Johan de Witt in Zweden ]</ref> The end of the war rested on the power of the Dutch naval dominance by Admiral [[Witte de With]] who arrived in the [[Øresund|Sound]] in July to support the Dutch and Swedish point of view, a [[Mare Liberum|free passage]].<ref>[https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/a-kaag-and-a-galjoot-close-to-the-shore-with-witte-de-with-in-the-brederode-leaving-the-vlie-9-june-1645-175829  Witte de With in the 'Brederode' leaving the Vlie, 9 June 1645]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://inter-antiquariaat.nl/antiek/verkocht/denemarken-frederik-de-wit-1680/ | title=Oude kaart Denemarken geschiedenis 17e-eeuw originele gravure }}</ref>  Oxenstierna was personally involved in the negotiations leading to the [[Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)|Treaty of Brömsebro]] at a creek in [[Blekinge]]. Sweden gained [[Gotland]], [[Saaremaa]] (Ösel), [[Jämtland]], [[Härjedalen]] and for thirty years [[Halland]].<ref name="Trettioåriga kriget"/><ref name="Trettioåriga kriget - Denmark-Sweden"/> Sweden <!--now virtually controlling the [[Baltic Sea]],--> had unrestricted access to the North Sea and was no longer encircled by [[Denmark–Norway]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Antique map of Scandinavia by Blaeu W. & J.|url = https://www.sanderusmaps.com/en/our-catalogue/detail/163777/antique-map-of-scandinavia-by-blaeu-w--j/|website = www.sanderusmaps.com|access-date = 2015-12-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012133/https://www.sanderusmaps.com/en/our-catalogue/detail/163777/antique-map-of-scandinavia-by-blaeu-w--j/|archive-date = 2016-03-05|url-status = dead}}</ref> Shortly after the peace treaty, Oxenstierna was created Count of Södermöre.<ref name="Nordisk Familjebok - Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna"/>

[[File:Swedish queen Drottning Kristina portrait by Sébastien Bourdon stor.jpg|thumb|Queen Christina of Sweden]]