Editing Arrangement (section)

== Jazz ==
{{see also|List of jazz arrangers}}Arrangements for small [[Jazz band|jazz combos]] are usually informal, minimal, and uncredited. Larger ensembles have generally had greater requirements for notated arrangements, though the early [[Count Basie]] [[big band]] is known for its many ''head'' arrangements, so called because they were worked out by the players themselves, memorized ("in the player's ''head''"), and never written down.<ref name="randel294">Randel 2002, p.&nbsp;294</ref> Most arrangements for big bands, however, were written down and credited to a specific arranger, as with arrangements by [[Sammy Nestico]] and [[Neal Hefti]] for Count Basie's later big bands.<ref>[http://www.jazzinamerica.org/jazzresources/stylesheets/9 Swing music history] and the big bands (Jazz in America website)</ref>

[[Don Redman]] made innovations in jazz arranging as a part of [[Fletcher Henderson]]'s orchestra in the 1920s. Redman's arrangements introduced a more intricate melodic presentation and ''soli'' performances for various sections of the big band.<ref name="fletcher">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_henderson_fletcher.htm |title=JAZZ A Film By Ken Burns: Selected Artist Biography - Fletcher Henderson |publisher=PBS |date=1934-09-25 |access-date=2013-10-18}}</ref> [[Benny Carter]] became Henderson's primary arranger in the early 1930s, becoming known for his arranging abilities in addition to his previous recognition as a performer.<ref name="fletcher" /> Beginning in 1938, [[Billy Strayhorn]] became an arranger of great renown for the [[Duke Ellington]] orchestra. [[Jelly Roll Morton]] is sometimes considered the earliest jazz arranger. While he toured around the years 1912 to 1915, he wrote down parts to enable "[[Pickup group|pickup bands]]" to perform his compositions.

Big-band arrangements are informally called ''charts''. In the swing era they were usually either arrangements of popular songs or they were entirely new compositions.<ref>Giddins, Gary & Scott DeVeaux (2009). ''Jazz''. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, {{ISBN|978-0-393-06861-0}}</ref> Duke Ellington's and [[Billy Strayhorn]]'s arrangements for the Duke Ellington big band were usually new compositions, and some of [[Eddie Sauter]]'s arrangements for the [[Benny Goodman]] band and [[Artie Shaw]]'s arrangements for his own band were new compositions as well. It became more common to arrange sketchy jazz combo compositions for big band after the bop era.<ref name="Bailey">{{cite web|last=Bailey|first=C. Michael|date=11 April 2008|url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=28959&pg=1|title=Miles Davis, Miles Smiles, and the Invention of Post Bop|work=[[All About Jazz]]|access-date=23 February 2013}}</ref>

After 1950, the big bands declined in number. However, several bands continued and arrangers provided renowned arrangements. [[Gil Evans]] wrote a number of large-ensemble arrangements in the late 1950s and early 1960s intended for recording sessions only. Other arrangers of note include [[Vic Schoen]], [[Pete Rugolo]], [[Oliver Nelson]], [[Johnny Richards]], [[Billy May]], [[Thad Jones]], [[Maria Schneider (musician)|Maria Schneider]], [[Bob Brookmeyer]], [[Lou Marini]], [[Nelson Riddle]], [[Ralph Burns]], [[Billy Byers]], [[Gordon Jenkins]], [[Ray Conniff]], [[Henry Mancini]], [[Ray Reach]], [[Vince Mendoza]], and [[Claus Ogerman]].

In the 21st century, the big-band arrangement has made a modest comeback. [[Gordon Goodwin]], [[Roy Hargrove]], and [[Christian McBride]] have all rolled out [[New Big Band|new big band]]s with both original compositions and new arrangements of standard tunes.<ref>"[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2012/02/grammy-awards-2012-carrington-and-corea-among-jazz-winners.html Carrington and Correa Among Jazz Winners]" – LATimes Blog, Feb. 2012</ref>