Editing Annales school (section)

==Regionalism==
Before ''Annales'', French history supposedly happened in Paris. Febvre broke decisively with this paradigm in 1912, with his sweeping doctoral thesis on {{lang|fr|[[Philip II of Spain|Philippe II]] et la [[Franche-Comté]]}}. The geography and social structure of this region overwhelmed and shaped the king's policies.

The ''Annales'' historians did not try to replicate Braudel's vast geographical scope in {{lang|fr|La Méditerranée}}. Instead they focused on regions in France over long stretches of time. The most important was the study of ''[[The Peasants of Languedoc]]'' by Braudel's star pupil and successor Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie.<ref>Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, ''[[The Peasants of Languedoc]]'', (1966, translated 1977) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0252006356 excerpt and text search]</ref> The regionalist tradition flourished especially in the 1960s and 1970s in the work of Pierre Goubert in 1960 on Beauvais and René Baehrel on Basse-Provence. ''Annales'' historians in the 1970s and 1980s turned to urban regions, including Pierre Deyon (Amiens), Maurice Garden (Lyon), Jean-Pierre Bardet (Rouen), Georges Freche (Toulouse), [[Gregory Hanlon]] (Agen<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lcdpu.fr/livre/?GCOI=27000100251460 |title=L'univers des gens de bien, Culture et comportements des élites urbaines en Agenais-Condomois au 17e siècle |trans-title= |website=www.lcdpu.fr |language=FR |access-date=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162037/http://www.lcdpu.fr/livre/?GCOI=27000100251460 |archive-date=2019-01-30 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Layrac<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdBz0I9Irl8C |title=Confession and Community in Seventeenth-century France: Catholic and Protestant Coexistence in Aquitaine |last1=Hanlon |first1=Gregory |date=1993 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |isbn=9780812232059 |language=en |access-date=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110403/https://books.google.ca/books/about/Confession_and_Community_in_Seventeenth.html?id=WdBz0I9Irl8C&redir_esc=y |archive-date=2019-01-30 |url-status=live}}</ref>), and Jean-Claude Perrot (Caen). By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.<ref>Ernst Hinrichs, "Provinzen, Landschaften, Regionen in Der Modernen Französischen Geschichtswissenschaft – Ein Essay", ''Blätter Für Deutsche Landesgeschichte'' 1994 130: 1–12. {{ISSN|0006-4408}} Fulltext: [http://periodika.digitale-sammlungen.de/bdlg/Blatt_bsb00000334,00007.html online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722091520/http://periodika.digitale-sammlungen.de/bdlg/Blatt_bsb00000334,00007.html |date=2011-07-22 }}</ref>