Editing Anime (section)

=== Technique ===
Modern anime follows a typical animation production process, involving [[storyboard]]ing, [[voice acting]], [[Character creation|character design]], and [[cel animation|cel production]]. Since the 1990s, animators have increasingly used [[computer animation]] to improve the efficiency of the production process. Early anime works were experimental, and consisted of images drawn on blackboards, [[stop motion]] animation of paper cutouts, and [[silhouette animation]].<ref name="Jouvanceau2004"/><ref name="Cinémathèque2008">{{cite web|year=2008|title=Tribute to Noburō Ōfuji|url=http://www.cinematheque.qc.ca/animation_japonaise.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819214736/http://www.cinematheque.qc.ca/animation_japonaise.pdf|archive-date=August 19, 2008|access-date=July 21, 2008|work=To the Source of Anime: Japanese Animation|publisher=Cinémathèque québécoise}}</ref> Cel animation grew in popularity until it came to dominate the medium. In the 21st century, the use of other animation techniques is mostly limited to independent [[Short subject|short films]],<ref name="Sharp2003">{{cite web|last=Sharp|first=Jasper|title=Beyond Anime: A Brief Guide to Experimental Japanese Animation|work=[[Midnight Eye]]|year=2003|url=http://www.midnighteye.com/features/beyond_anime.shtml|access-date=July 21, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080725193748/http://www.midnighteye.com/features/beyond_anime.shtml| archive-date= July 25, 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref> including the stop motion puppet animation work produced by [[Tadahito Mochinaga]], [[Kihachirō Kawamoto]] and Tomoyasu Murata.<ref name="Sharp2004">{{cite web|last=Sharp|first=Jasper|title=Interview with Kihachirō Kawamoto|work=[[Midnight Eye]]|year=2004|url=http://www.midnighteye.com/interviews/kihachiro_kawamoto.shtml|access-date=July 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919075703/http://www.midnighteye.com/interviews/kihachiro_kawamoto.shtml|archive-date=September 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Munroe Hotes|first=Catherine|title=Tomoyasu Murata and Company|work=[[Midnight Eye]]|year=2008|url=http://www.midnighteye.com/features/tomoyasu-murata-and-company.shtml|access-date=July 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527065156/http://www.midnighteye.com/features/tomoyasu-murata-and-company.shtml|archive-date=May 27, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> Computers were integrated into the animation process in the 1990s, with works such as ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' and ''[[Princess Mononoke]]'' mixing cel animation with computer-generated images.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=29}} [[Fujifilm|Fuji Film]], a major cel production company, announced it would stop cel production, producing an industry panic to procure cel imports and hastening the switch to digital processes.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=29}}

Prior to the digital era, anime was produced with [[traditional animation]] methods using a pose to pose approach.<ref name="Jouvanceau2004">{{cite book|last=Jouvanceau |first=Pierre |translator=Clare Kitson |title=The Silhouette Film |publisher=Le Mani |year=2004 |location=Genoa |page=103 |url=http://www.heeza.fr/description.php?lang=2&path=64&sort=Article&page=0&id=296 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320051512/http://www.heeza.fr/description.php?lang=2&path=64&sort=Article&page=0&id=296 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 20, 2008 |isbn=88-8012-299-1 |access-date=August 8, 2009 }}</ref> The majority of mainstream anime uses fewer expressive [[key frame]]s and more [[Inbetweening|in-between]] animation.<ref name=ANNKeyAnimation>{{cite news |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/chicks-on-anime/2008-11-04 |last1=Dong |first1=Bamboo |last2=Brienza |first2=Casey |last3=Pocock |first3=Sara |title=A Look at Key Animation |series=Chicks on Anime |work=[[Anime News Network]] |date=November 4, 2008 |access-date=September 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110054551/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/chicks-on-anime/2008-11-04 |archive-date=November 10, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Japanese animation studios were pioneers of many [[limited animation]] techniques, and have given anime a distinct set of conventions. Unlike [[Disney]] animation, where the emphasis is on the movement, anime emphasizes the art quality and let limited animation techniques make up for the lack of time spent on movement. Such techniques are often used not only to meet deadlines but also as artistic devices.<ref name="ChicksOnAnimeSep2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/chicks-on-anime/2008-09-16 |last1=Dong |first1=Bamboo |last2=Brienza |first2=Casey |last3=Pocock |first3=Sara |last4=Sevakis |first4=Robin |title=Chicks on Anime - Sep 16th 2008 |series=Chicks on Anime |work=[[Anime News Network]] |date=September 16, 2008 |access-date=September 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108150611/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/chicks-on-anime/2008-09-16 |archive-date=November 8, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Anime scenes place emphasis on achieving three-dimensional views, and backgrounds are instrumental in creating the atmosphere of the work.{{sfn|Schodt|1997}} The backgrounds are not always invented and are occasionally based on real locations, as exemplified in ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]'' and ''[[The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (anime)|The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya]]''.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.rinku.zaq.ne.jp/p_v/haruhi.html| title= Reference pictures to actual places| access-date= January 25, 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070126012418/http://www.rinku.zaq.ne.jp/p_v/haruhi.html| archive-date= January 26, 2007| url-status=dead| df= mdy-all}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2024}} Oppliger stated that anime is one of the rare mediums where putting together an all-star cast usually comes out looking "tremendously impressive".<ref>{{cite web|last=Oppliger|first=John|date=October 1, 2012|title=Ask John: What Determines a Show's Animation Quality?|url=http://www.animenation.net/blog/2012/10/01/ask-john-what-determines-a-shows-animation-quality/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015212153/http://www.animenation.net/blog/2012/10/01/ask-john-what-determines-a-shows-animation-quality/|archive-date=October 15, 2012|access-date=October 28, 2012|publisher=[[AnimeNation]]}}</ref>

The cinematic effects of anime differentiates itself from the stage plays found in [[American animation]]. Anime is cinematically shot as if by camera, including panning, zooming, distance and angle shots to more complex dynamic shots that would be difficult to produce in reality.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=58}}<ref name="production">{{cite web|url=http://www.huitula.com/productionIG2_page2.htm|title=Anime production process - feature film|year=2000|access-date=August 27, 2007|work=PRODUCTION I.G| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070815101432/http://www.huitula.com/productionIG2_page2.htm| archive-date= August 15, 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.understandinganime.com/cinematography.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070122113832/http://www.understandinganime.com/cinematography.php |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 22, 2007 |title=Cinematography: Looping and Animetion Techniques |year=1999 |access-date=August 29, 2007 |work=Understanding Anime}}</ref> In anime, the animation is produced before the voice acting, contrary to American animation which does the voice acting first.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=59}}