Editing Andromeda (mythology) (section)

== In literature ==

=== In poetry ===

[[George Chapman]]'s poem in [[heroic couplet]]s ''Andromeda liberata, Or the nuptials of Perseus and Andromeda'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Chapman |first=George |author-link=George Chapman |title=Andromeda liberata |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A18401.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> was written for the 1614 wedding of [[Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset]] and [[Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset|Frances Howard]]. The wedding, which led to a "train of intrigue and murder and executions, was the scandal of the age."<ref name="Waddington 1966">{{cite journal |last=Waddington |first=Raymond B. |title=Chapman's Andromeda Liberata: Mythology and Meaning |journal=Publications of the [[Modern Language Association of America]] |volume=81 |issue=1 |year=1966 |doi=10.2307/461306 |pages=34–44|jstor=461306 |s2cid=164121070 }}</ref> Scholars have been surprised that Chapman should have celebrated such a marriage, and his choice of an [[allegory]] of the Perseus-Andromeda myth for the purpose. The poem infuriated both Carr and the [[Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex|Earl of Essex]], causing Chapman to publish a "justification" of his approach. Chapman's poem sees human nature as chaotic and disorderly, like the sea monster, opposed by Andromeda's beauty and Perseus's balanced nature; their union brings about an [[astrological]] harmony of [[Planets in astrology|Venus and Mars]] which perfects the character of Perseus, since Venus was thought always to dominate Mars. Unfortunately for Chapman, Essex supposed that he was represented by the "barraine rocke" that Andromeda was chained up to: Howard had divorced Essex on the grounds that he could not consummate their marriage, and she had married Carr with her hair untied, indicating that she was a virgin. Further, the poem could be read as having dangerous political implications, involving [[James VI and I|King James]].<ref name="Waddington 1966"/>

[[Ludovico Ariosto]]'s influential [[epic poem]] {{lang|it|[[Orlando Furioso]]}} (1516–1532) features a [[pagan]] princess named [[Angelica (character)|Angelica]] who at one point is in exactly the same situation as Andromeda, chained naked to a rock on the sea as a sacrifice to a sea monster, and is saved at the last minute by the [[Saracen]] knight [[Ruggiero (character)|Ruggiero]]. Images of Angelica and Ruggiero are often hard to distinguish from those of Andromeda and Perseus.<ref name="National Gallery">{{cite web |title=Perseus and Andromeda |url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/glossary/perseus-and-andromeda |publisher=[[National Gallery]] |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref>

[[John Keats]]'s 1819 [[sonnet]] ''On the Sonnet'' compares the restricted sonnet form to the bound Andromeda as being "Fetter'd, in spite of pained loveliness".<ref>{{cite book |last=Brady |first=Andrea |author-link=Andrea Brady |title=Introduction - The Fetters of Verse |chapter=The Fetters of Verse |date=October 2021 |pages=1–28 |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/poetry-and-bondage/fetters-of-verse/181495DED03EC13E0584C5730DB46FD2# |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |doi=10.1017/9781108990684.001 |isbn=978-1-108-99068-4 |s2cid=242479172 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> [[William Morris]] retells the story of Perseus and Andromeda in his epic 1868 poem ''[[The Earthly Paradise]]'', in the section ''April: The Doom of King Acrisius''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Silver |first=Carole G. |title='The Earthly Paradise': Lost |journal=Victorian Poetry |volume=13 |issue=3/4 |year=1975 |pages=27–42 |jstor=40001829}}</ref> [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]]'s sonnet ''Andromeda''<ref>Hopkins, Gerard Manley (1879) [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poems_of_Gerard_Manley_Hopkins/Andromeda Andromeda]</ref> (1879) has invited many interpretations.<ref>Mariani, Paul L. "Hopkins' "Andromeda" and the New Aestheticism," Victorian Poetry, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring, 1973), pp. 39-54</ref><ref name="Mariani 1973">{{cite journal |last1=Mariani |first1=Paul L. |title=Hopkins' ''Andromeda'' and the New Aestheticism |journal=Victorian Poetry |date=1973 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=39–54 |jstor=40001776 }}</ref> [[Charles Kingsley]]'s [[hexameter]] poem retelling the myth, ''Andromeda'' (1858), was set to music by [[Cyril Rootham]] in his ''Andromeda'' (1905)<!--; judging the poem's style to be "unfamiliar to most modern audiences", the cartoonist Matt Lawrence was commissioned in 2015 to create a set of cartoons to tell the poem's story-->.<ref>{{cite web |title=Andromeda Cartoons by Matt Lawrence |url=https://www.cantatadramatica.com/andromeda-story |publisher=Cantata Dramatica |access-date=29 December 2022 |date=2015 |quote=Some of the cartoons are accompanied by extracts from a recording made in 2019, a full version of which can be heard on the website of Cyril Bradley Rootham. }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="225px">
File:Chapman Andromeda Liberata 1614.jpg|Title page of [[George Chapman]]'s ''Andromeda Liberata'', 1614, [[allegory|allegorically]] celebrating the tumultuous marriage of [[Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset]] and [[Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset|Frances Howard]]<ref name="Waddington 1966"/> 
File:Orlando Furioso 20.jpg|''Ruggiero Rescuing Angelica'' by [[Gustave Doré]], 1880–1881, illustrates [[Ludovico Ariosto]]'s [[epic poem]] {{lang|it|[[Orlando Furioso]]}}, in a scene often confused with the myth of Andromeda.<ref name="National Gallery"/> 
File:Gustave Doré Andromeda.jpg|Doré's 1869 painting of Andromeda
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=== In novels ===

In the 1851 novel ''[[Moby-Dick]]'', [[Herman Melville]]'s narrator Ishmael discusses the Perseus and Andromeda myth in two chapters. Chapter 55, "Of the Monstrous Pictures of Whales," mentions depictions of Perseus rescuing Andromeda from Cetus in artwork by [[Guido Reni]] and [[William Hogarth]]. In Chapter 82, "The Honor and Glory of Whaling," Ishmael recounts the myth and says that the Romans found a giant whale skeleton in Joppa that they believed to be the skeleton of Cetus.<ref>{{cite book |last=Melville |first=Herman |author-link=Herman Melville |date=1851 |title=Moby-Dick |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2701/2701-h/2701-h.htm}}</ref><ref name="Pardes 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Pardes |first1=Ilana |title=Remapping Jonah's Voyage: Melville's "Moby-Dick" and Kitto's "Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature" |journal=Comparative Literature |date=2005 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=135–157 |doi=10.1215/-57-2-135 |jstor=4122318}}</ref><!-- [[Julia Constance Fletcher]] (who wrote under the [[pseudonym]] George Fleming), published ''Andromeda, a Novel'' in 1885. --> [[Jules Laforgue]] included what Knutson calls "a remarkable satirical adaptation",<ref name="Knutson 1992"/> {{lang|fr|"Andromède et Persée"}}, in his 1887 {{lang|fr|Moralités Légendaires}}. All the traditional elements are present, along with elements of fantasy and lyricism, but only to allow Laforgue to parody them.<ref name="Knutson 1992"/><!--
[[Robert Williams Buchanan]]'s 1901 novel ''Andromeda, An Idyl of the Great River'', updates the myth using characters in a 19th-century fishing community on the [[River Thames]]. [[Richard Le Gallienne]] wrote a 1902 prose version of Ovid's account, ''Perseus and Andromeda, A Retelling''.--> The romance, crime, and thriller writer [[Carlton Dawe]]'s 1909 novel ''The New Andromeda'' (published in America as ''The Woman, the Man, and the Monster'') offers what was called at the time a "wholly unconventional"<ref name="SLT 1909">{{cite news |title=[Review] The Woman, The Man and the Monster |work=[[Salt Lake Tribune]] |date=20 June 1909}}</ref> retelling of the Andromeda story in a modern setting.<ref name="SLT 1909"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=David |last2=Osborne |first2=Roger |title=Australian Books and Authors in the American Marketplace 1840s-1940s |date=2018 |publisher=[[Sydney University Press]] |isbn=978-1-7433-2579-7 |page=107}}</ref> [[Robert Nichols (poet)|Robert Nichols's]] 1923 [[short story]] ''Perseus and Andromeda'' [[satirically]] retells the story in contrasting styles.<ref>[[Robert Nichols (poet)|Nichols, Robert]]. "Perseus and Andromeda", ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fZ0NAQAAIAAJ Fantastica: being the smile of the Sphinx and other tales of imagination]'', Macmillan, 1923. The variant tales are on pages 75ff, 87ff, and 95ff respectively.</ref> In her 1978 novel ''[[The Sea, the Sea]]'', [[Iris Murdoch]] uses the Andromeda myth, as presented in a reproduction of [[Titian]]'s painting ''[[Perseus and Andromeda (Titian)|Perseus and Andromeda]]'' in the [[Wallace Collection]] in London, to reflect the character and motives of her characters. Charles has an [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]]-fuelled vision of a serpent; when he returns to London, he becomes ill on seeing Titian's painting, whereupon his cousin James comes to his rescue.<ref name="Tucker 1986">{{cite journal |last1=Tucker |first1=Lindsey |title=Released from Bands: Iris Murdoch's Two Prosperos in "The Sea, The Sea" |journal=Contemporary Literature |date=1986 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=378–395 |doi=10.2307/1208351 |jstor=1208351}}</ref>

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File:Guido Reni - AndromedaFXD.jpg|[[Herman Melville]]'s 1851 novel ''[[Moby-Dick]]'' mentions [[Guido Reni]]'s 17th century painting of Andromeda.<ref name="Pardes 2005"/>
File:Perseus and Andromeda. Etching by T. Cook, 1808, after W. Ho Wellcome V0035919.jpg|[[William Hogarth]]'s ''Perseus and Andromeda'', too, is mentioned in ''Moby-Dick''.<ref name="Pardes 2005"/> 1808 engraving, after Hogarth, by T. Cook.
File:Perseo y Andrómeda, por Tiziano.jpg|[[Titian]]'s ''[[Perseus and Andromeda (Titian)|Perseus and Andromeda]]'', 1554–1556, features in [[Iris Murdoch]]'s 1978 novel ''[[The Sea, The Sea]]''.<ref name="Tucker 1986"/>
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