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===Explosives=== {{See also| List of ammonium nitrate disasters}} Ammonium nitrate readily forms explosive mixtures with varying properties when combined with explosives such as TNT or with fuels like [[aluminium]] powder or fuel oil. Examples of explosives containing ammonium nitrate include: * [[Amatex]] (ammonium nitrate, [[TNT]] and [[RDX]]) * [[Amatol]] (ammonium nitrate and [[TNT]]) * [[Ammonal]] (ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder) * [[ANFO]] (ammonium nitrate and [[fuel oil]]) * [[Astrolite]] (ammonium nitrate and [[hydrazine]] rocket fuel) * [[Goma-2]] (ammonium nitrate, [[Ethylene glycol dinitrate|nitroglycol]], [[nitrocellulose]], [[dibutyl phthalate]] and [[fuel]]) * [[Minol (explosive)]] (ammonium nitrate, [[TNT]] and aluminum powder) * [[Nitrolite]] (ammonium nitrate, [[TNT]] and [[nitroglycerin]] +) * [[RDX|DBX]] (ammonium nitrate, [[RDX]], [[TNT]] and aluminum powder) * [[Tovex]] (ammonium nitrate and [[methylammonium nitrate]]) ====Mixture with fuel oil==== {{main|ANFO}} ANFO is a mixture of 94% ammonium nitrate ("AN") and 6% [[fuel oil]] ("FO") widely used as a bulk industrial [[explosive]].<ref name=Cook>{{cite book |last=Cook |first=Melvin A. |title=The Science of Industrial Explosives |publisher=IRECO Chemicals |year=1974 |page=1 |asin=B0000EGDJT}}</ref>{{rp|1}} It is used in [[coal mining]], [[quarrying]], metal [[mining]], and civil construction in undemanding applications where the advantages of ANFO's low cost, relative safety, and ease of use matter more than the benefits offered by conventional industrial explosives, such as water resistance, [[oxygen balance]], high detonation velocity, and performance in small diameters.<ref name=Cook/>{{rp|2}} ====Terrorism==== Ammonium nitrate-based explosives were used in the [[Sterling Hall bombing]] in Madison, Wisconsin, 1970, the [[Oklahoma City bombing]] in 1995, the [[2011 Delhi bombing]]s, the [[2011 Norway attacks|2011 bombing in Oslo]], the [[Myyrmanni bombing]] and the [[2013 Hyderabad blasts]]. In November 2009, the government of the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]] (previously termed as NWFP) of [[Pakistan]] imposed a ban on [[ammonium sulfate]], ammonium nitrate, and [[calcium ammonium nitrate]] fertilizers in the former [[Malakand Division]]{{Snd}}comprising the [[Upper Dir]], [[Lower Dir]], [[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]], [[Chitral]], and [[Malakand District|Malakand]] districts of the NWFP β following reports that those chemicals were used by militants to make explosives. Due to these bans, "[[Potassium chlorate]]{{Snd}}the material which allows [[safety matches]] to catch fire{{Snd}}has surpassed fertilizer as the explosive of choice for insurgents."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/06/25/ammonium-nitrate-potassium-chlorate-ieds-afghanistan/2442191/|title=Afghan bomb makers shifting to new explosives for IEDs|first=Tom Vanden|last=Brook|website=USA TODAY}}</ref>
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