Editing All Souls College, Oxford (section)

===Examination fellowships===
In the three years following the award of their bachelor's or master's degrees, students graduating from Oxford and current Oxford [[postgraduate student]]s having graduated elsewhere<ref name="allsouls">"[http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/content/Examination_Fellowships_2010:_Further_Particulars_and_Timetable Examination Fellowships 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803071934/http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/content/Examination_Fellowships_2010:_Further_Particulars_and_Timetable |date=3 August 2010 }}" All Souls College, Oxford</ref> are eligible to apply for examination fellowships (sometimes informally referred to as "prize fellowships") of seven years each. While tutors may advise their students to sit for the All Souls examination fellowship, the examination is open to anybody who fulfils the eligibility criteria and the college does not issue invitations to candidates to sit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/examination-fellowships-general-information|title=Examination Fellowships: General Information &#124; All Souls College|website=www.asc.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> Every year in early March, the college hosts an open evening for women, offering women interested in the examination fellowship an opportunity to find out more about the exam process and to meet members of the college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/news/examination-fellowships-2017-open-evening-women|title=Examination Fellowships 2017: Open Evening for Women &#124; All Souls College|website=www.asc.ox.ac.uk}}</ref>

Each year several dozen candidates typically sit the examination.<ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="wainwright20050108"/> Two examination fellows are usually elected each year, although the college has awarded a single place or three places in some years, and on rare occasions made no award.<ref name="time19610519">"[https://archive.today/20130204120618/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,872416,00.html The Soul of All Souls]" ''Time'', 19 May 1961.</ref>

The competition, offered since 1878<ref name="lyall20100527"/> and open to women since 1979,<ref name="mount20100519"/> is held over two days in late September, with two papers of three hours each per day. It has been described in the past as "the hardest exam in the world".<ref name="lyall20100527"/>

Two papers (the 'specialist papers') are on a single subject of the candidate's choice; the options are [[classics]], [[English literature]], economics, history, law, philosophy, and politics. Candidates may sit their two specialist papers in different specialist subjects, provided each paper is in one subject only (for example, a candidate might sit one paper in History and one paper in Politics). Candidates who choose Classics have an additional translation examination on a third day.<ref name="allsouls"/>

Two papers (the 'general papers') are on general subjects. For each general examination, candidates choose three questions from a list.<ref name="sample20100527"/> Past questions have included:
* {{"'}}If a man could say nothing against a character but what he could prove, history could not be written' ([[Samuel Johnson]]). Discuss."<ref name=mount19991004>{{cite journal|last=Mount|first=Harry|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/199910040016 |title=A few things pointy-heads should know|journal=New Statesman|date=4 October 1999}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718085613/http://www.newstatesman.com/199910040016 |date=18 July 2010 }}</ref>
* "Should the [[Orange Prize for Fiction]] be open to both men and women?"<ref name="sample20100527"/>
* "Does the moral character of an orgy change when the participants wear [[Nazi uniform]]s?"<ref name="lyall20100527"/>

Before 2010 candidates also faced another examination, a free-form "Essay" on a single, pre-selected word.<ref name="shepherd20100514"/><ref name="mount20100519">{{cite news|last=Mount|first= Harry|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/7740812/All-Souls-Oxford-should-continue-to-put-genius-to-the-test.html |title=All Souls, Oxford should continue to put genius to the test|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=19 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="lyall20100527">{{cite news|last=Lyall|first= Sarah|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/28/world/europe/28oxford.html |title=Oxford Tradition Comes to This: ‘Death’ (Expound)|newspaper=The New York Times|date= 27 May 2010}}</ref>

Four to six<ref name="wainwright20050108">{{cite news|last=Wainwright|first=Tom|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/3348373/The-most-glittering-prize.html |title=The most glittering prize|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date= 8 January 2005}}</ref> finalists are invited to a [[Oral exam|viva voce]]<ref name="time19610519"/> or oral examination.<ref name="allsouls"/> Previously, these candidates were then invited to dinner with about 75 members of the college. The dinner did not form part of the assessment, but was intended as a reward for those candidates who had reached the latter stages of the selection process. However, the dinner has been discontinued as the college felt candidates worried too often that it was part of the assessment process.{{fact|date=March 2021}} 

About a dozen examination fellows are at the college at any one time.<ref name="mount20100519"/> There are no compulsory teaching or requirements, although examination fellows must pursue a course of study or research at some point within their first two years of fellowship. They can study anything for nothing at Oxford with [[room and board]].<ref name="allsouls"/> As "Londoners" they can pursue approved non-academic careers<ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="allsouls"/> if desired, with a reduced stipend, as long as they pursue academia on a part-time basis and attend weekend dinners at the college during their first academic year.<ref name="wainwright20050108"/> {{as of|2011}} each examination fellow receives a stipend of £14,842<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/content/Examination_Fellowships_2011:_Further_Particulars |title=Examination Fellowships 2011: Further Particulars |access-date=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229152421/http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/content/Examination_Fellowships_2011:_Further_Particulars |archive-date=29 December 2011  }}</ref> annually for the first two years; the stipend then varies depending on whether the fellow pursues an academic career.<ref name="allsouls"/>

====Notable candidates====
<!--Please only list [[WP:BIO|notable]] candidates. Also, this is a list of candidates for examination fellowships. People like Christopher Wren became All Souls fellows before the exam existed, or through other means. The comprehensive list of fellows occurs later in the article.-->Until 1979, women were not permitted to put themselves forward for fellowships at All Souls.<ref name="All Souls College Oxford"/>

=====Successful=====

[[File:IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg|right|thumb|180px|[[Isaiah Berlin]] – philosopher]]
[[File:Te lawrence.jpg|right|thumb|180px|[[T. E. Lawrence]] – "Lawrence of Arabia"]]
* [[Leo Amery]] (1897),<ref name="anson"/> politician
* [[J. L. Austin]] (1933),<ref name="nagel20230907">{{Cite magazine |last=Nagel |first=Thomas |date=2023-09-07 |title=Leader of the Martians |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n17/thomas-nagel/leader-of-the-martians |magazine=London Review of Books |language=en |volume=45 |issue=17 |issn=0260-9592 |access-date=2023-09-07}}</ref> philosopher
* [[Isaiah Berlin|Sir Isaiah Berlin]] (1932),<ref name=mount19991004/> philosopher
* [[George Earle Buckle]] (1877),<ref name="anson"/> journalist
* [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]] (1883),<ref name=mount19991004/><ref name="anson"/> [[Viceroy of India]]
* [[Geoffrey Dawson]] (1898),<ref name="anson"/> journalist
* [[Matthew d'Ancona]] (1989),<ref name=mount19991004/> journalist
* [[John Gardner (legal philosopher)|John Gardner]] (1986),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lawf0081/biograph.htm|title=John Gardner at Home|publisher=University of Oxford|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> legal philosopher
* [[Birke Häcker]] (2001),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gordon|first1=Olivia|title=Professor Birke Häcker: Interviewed|url=https://www.bnc.ox.ac.uk/about-brasenose/150-academic-staff/1738-birke-hacker|publisher=Brasenose College|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> legal scholar
* [[Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone]] (1931),<ref name="cc">{{cite web | url=http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/education/churchill_era/exercises/appeasement/part_B4.php | title=B: Appeasement and public opinion | work=The Churchill Era | publisher=Churchill College, Cambridge | access-date=21 May 2012}}</ref> politician and philosopher
* [[Douglas Jay]], Baron Jay (1930),{{r|lacey2006}} politician
* [[Richard Jenkyns (professor)|Richard Jenkyns]] (1972), classical historian and literary critic
* [[Keith Joseph]], Baron Joseph (1946),<ref name="guardian20100517"/> politician
* [[T. E. Lawrence]] (1919), "Lawrence of Arabia", military officer, writer
*[[M. N. Srinivas]], Social anthropologist
* [[Jeremy Morse|Sir Jeremy Morse]],<ref name=mount19991004/> banker
* [[Edward Mortimer]] (1965) journalist, author, international public servant
* [[Marius Ostrowski]] (2013),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Marius Ostrowski {{!}} All Souls College |url=https://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/person/dr-marius-ostrowski |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=www.asc.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> political theorist
* [[David Pannick, Baron Pannick]] (1978),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackstonechambers.com/people/barristers/lord_pannick_qc.html |title=Lord Pannick QC – Blackstone Chambers |website=blackstonechambers.com |access-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321194433/http://www.blackstonechambers.com/people/barristers/lord_pannick_qc.html |archive-date=21 March 2016  }}</ref> barrister
* [[Derek Parfit]] (1974),<ref name=parfit>{{cite web|url=http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/people.php?personid=49|title=Derek Parfit|publisher=All Souls College|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421193257/http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/people.php?personid=49|archive-date=21 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> philosopher
* [[John Redwood|Sir John Redwood]] (1972),<ref name=mount19991004/> politician
* [[A. L. Rowse]] (1925),<ref name=mount19991004/> historian and poet
* [[Katherine Rundell]] (2008),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/person/katherine-rundell|title=Katherine Rundell &#124; All Souls College|website=www.asc.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> author
* [[Amia Srinivasan]] (2009), philosopher
* [[John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon]] (1897),<ref name="anson"/> politician
* [[William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill]] (1971),<ref name=mount19991004/> politician
* [[Richard Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce]] (1932),<ref name="shepherd20100514">{{cite news|last=Shepherd|first= Jessica|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2010/may/14/oxford-university-all-souls-college-exam |title=The word on Oxford University's All Souls fellows exam is: axed|newspaper=The Guardian|date= 14 May 2010}}</ref> jurist
* [[Bernard Williams|Sir Bernard Williams]] (1951),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/williams-bernard/ |title=Bernard Williams (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) |publisher=Plato.stanford.edu |access-date=23 April 2013}}</ref> philosopher
* [[Crispin Wright]] (1969), philosopher
* [[Sir John Vickers]] (1979), economist

=====Unsuccessful=====
[[File:Hugh Trevor-Roper (1975).jpg|right|thumb|180px|Baron [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]] – historian]]
* [[Hilaire Belloc]] (1895),<ref name=mount19991004/> author
* [[John Buchan]], 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1899),<ref name=mount19991004/><ref name="buchanbio">Godine, David R. and Andrew Lownie. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=V3tQ8Wq_fKMC&dq=%22all+souls%22+%22john+buchan%22&pg=PA60 John Buchan: the Presbyterian cavalier]'' (1995), pp. 60–61.</ref> author and [[Governor General of Canada]]
* [[Lord David Cecil]],<ref name=mount19991004/> author
* [[H. L. A. Hart]] (1929, 1930),<ref name="lacey2006">{{cite book | title=A life of H.L.A. Hart: the nightmare and the noble dream | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Lacey, Nicola | year=2006 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eUklAQAAIAAJ | pages=41, 43 | isbn=0-19-920277-X}}</ref> philosopher
* [[William Holdsworth|Sir William Holdsworth]] (1897),<ref name="anson"/> legal historian
* [[Cosmo Gordon Lang]], 1st Baron Lang of Lambeth (1888),<ref name="anson">"[http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/content/Sir_William_Anson Sir William Anson] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618035933/http://www.all-souls.ox.ac.uk/content/Sir_William_Anson |date=18 June 2010 }}"</ref> [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]
* [[Harry Mount]] (1994),<ref name="mount20100519"/> journalist
* [[Ramsay Muir]] (1897),<ref name="anson"/> politician
* [[Tom Denning, Baron Denning]] (1923),<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/law-obituaries/7315416/Lord-Denning-OM.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194942/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/law-obituaries/7315416/Lord-Denning-OM.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 March 2011 | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Lord Denning, OM | date=6 March 1999}}</ref> jurist
* [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]], Baron Dacre of Glanton,<ref name=mount19991004/> historian
* [[Eric Williams]], historian and politician<ref name="dabhoiwala20210701">{{Cite magazine |last=Dabhoiwala |first=Fara |title=Imperial Delusions |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2021/07/01/imperial-delusions/ |magazine=The New York Review of Books |language=en |issn=0028-7504|date=1 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-17}}</ref>
* [[Harold Wilson]], Baron Wilson of Rievaulx,<ref name="pimlott1992">{{cite book | title=Harold Wilson | publisher=HarperCollins | author=Pimlott, Ben | year=1992 | pages=61 | isbn=0002151898}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]]
* [[Tom Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill]], jurist

====Subjects of the "Essay"====
* "bias"<ref name="shepherd20100514"/><ref name="mount20100519"/>
* "censorship"<ref name="lyall20100527"/>
* "chaos"<ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="lyall20100527"/><ref name=mount19991004/>
* "charity"<ref name="lyall20100527"/>
* "comedy"<ref name="hensher20100524">{{cite news|last=Hensher|first= Philip|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/philip-hensher/philip-hensher-comedy-was-the-word-for-my-exam-1981025.html |title='Comedy' was the word for my exam|newspaper=The Independent|date= 24 May 2010}}</ref>
* "conversion" (1979)<ref name="lyall20100527"/><ref name="little20100520"/>
* "corruption"<ref name="lyall20100527"/>
* "culture" (1914)<ref name="little20100520">{{cite news|last=Little|first= Reg|url=http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/news/8174773.One_word_exam_ending/ |title=One-word exam ending|newspaper=The Oxford Times|date=20 May 2010}}</ref>
* "diversity" (2001)
* "error" (1993)<ref name="mount20100519"/>
* "harmony" (2007)<ref name="lyall20100527"/><ref name="sample20100527"/>
* "innocence" (1964)<ref name="shepherd20100514"/><ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="lyall20100527"/>
* "integrity" (2004)<ref name="wainwright20050108"/>
* "mercy"<ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="lyall20100527"/><ref name=mount19991004/>
* "miracles" (1994)<ref name="shepherd20100514"/><ref name=mount19991004/>
* "morality"<ref name="mount20100519"/>
* "novelty" (2008)<ref name="shepherd20100514"/><ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="lyall20100527"/><ref name="sample20100527"/>
* "originality"<ref name="little20100520"/>
* "possessions" (1925)<ref name=mount19991004/>
* "reproduction" (2009)<ref name="lyall20100527"/><ref name="sample20100527"/><ref name="little20100520"/>
* "style" (2005)<ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="lyall20100527"/><ref name="sample20100527">"[http://documents.nytimes.com/the-fellowship-exam-oxford-universitys-all-souls-college Sample Fellowship Exam, Oxford University's All Souls College]" ''The New York Times'', 27 May 2010.</ref>
* "water" (2006)<ref name="shepherd20100514"/><ref name="mount20100519"/><ref name="sample20100527"/>