Editing Algiers (section)

===French rule===

Under French rule, Algiers became the capital of [[French Algeria]], "an integral part of the [[French Republic]]" according to a formal annexation declared on June 22, 1834.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raf |first1=Mohh |title=The end of the Ottoman Regency and the limited occupation of Algeria |url=https://www.musee-armee.fr/ExpositionAlgerie/the-end-of-the-ottoman-regency-and-the-limited-occupation-of-algeria.html |website=musee-armee |access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref> Following this, interest turned into the completion of the [[French conquest of Algeria]] that shared goals with its [[Pacification of Algeria|pacification]] efforts; Establishing a European [[Culture of Europe|cultural]], economic and political presence in Africa without considering the indigenous population's lifestyle or connection to their land. Plans to transform the face of the city to match French standards and architectural trends began shortly after obtaining the city. Originally, the Casbah extended to the sea, but it was pushed back to the hills above after demolishing the walls and lower half of the old city and erecting the current "Place des Martyrs",<ref name="harvsp Driss 2002 p45">{{harvsp|id=Nassima Dris, 2002|Dris|2002|p=45}}.</ref> constructing [[promenade]]s and boulevards that circle the city or face the [[Mediterranean]], tracing new streets and building apartments that are characterized by their "Haussmanian" Style.<ref name="Almi70">{{harvsp|Almi|2002|p=70}}.</ref>

Settlers of [[European descent]] marked a majority of the city's population,<ref>Albert Habib Hourani, Malise Ruthven (2002). "''[https://books.google.com/books?id=egbOb0mewz4C&pg=PA323 A history of the Arab peoples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906022938/https://books.google.com/books?id=egbOb0mewz4C&pg=PA323&dq&hl=en |date=2015-09-06 }}''". Harvard University Press. p.323. {{ISBN|0-674-01017-5}}</ref> some constituted a minority of "[[Pieds-noirs]]" who were granted [[French citizenship]] and rights under the [[Crémieux Decree]]. On the other hand, [[Code de l'indigénat]] enforced inferiority of the "Arabs" and "Muslims" which were getting forcibly removed from their homes and were banned from entering various parts of "Alger" to segregate by race, religion and language.<ref name="AlloucheLaloum1987">{{cite book|author1=Jean-Luc Allouche|author2=Jean Laloum|title=Les Juifs d'Algérie: images & textes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JK4rAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Editions du Scribe|isbn=978-2-86765-008-6}}</ref><ref>The Code d'Indigénat was promulgated by the French government for Algeria on 28 June 1881. It was officially abolished during 1946, but parts of it remained in force until independence during the early 1960s. The senatus consulte of 14 July 1865 implemented many of the elements of the future Code d'Indigénat in Algeria, and prior to 1887, other colonial subjects lived under similar conditions</ref> Added to that, [[mosque]]s were repurposed to [[Church (building)|church]]es, [[stables]], or demolished/closed permanently, examples of this are [[Ketchoua Mosque]] and [[Ali Bitchin Mosque]].<ref name="Almi36">{{harvsp|Almi|2002|p=36}}.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ French casualties in Algeria (1830–1851)<ref name=Bennoune>{{cite book|last=Bennoune|first=Mahfoud|author-link=Mahfoud Bennoune|title=The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830–1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nXl7h8i5scC&pg=PA43|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52432-2|page=42}}</ref><ref>J. Ch. M. Boudin, Histoire statistique de la colonisation en Algérie (Paris, Bailliers, 1853), p. 53.</ref>
|-
! Year !! Active !! Died in hospital !! Killed in battle
|-
| 1831 || 71,190 || 1,005 || 55
|-
| 1832 || 21,511 || 1,998 || 48
|-
| 1833 || 26,681 || 2,512 || 
|-
| 1834 || 29,858 || 1,991 || 24
|-
| 1835 || 29,485 || 2,335 || 310
|-
| 1836 || 29,897 || 2,139 || 606
|-
| 1837 || 40,147 || 4,502 || 121
|-
| 1838 || 48,167 || 2,413 || 150
|-
| 1839 || 50,367 || 3,600 || 163
|-
| 1840 || 61,204 || 9,567 || 227
|-
| 1841 || 72,000 || 7,802 || 349
|-
| 1842 || 70,853 || 5,588 || 225
|-
| 1843 || 75,034 || 4,809 || 84
|-
| 1844 || 82,037 || 4,664 || 167
|-
| 1845 || 95,000 || 4,664 || 601
|-
| 1846 || 99,700 || 6,862 || 116
|-
| 1847 || 87,704 || 4,437 || 77
|-
| 1848 || 75,017 || 4,406 || 13
|-
| 1849 || 70,774 || 9,744 || 
|-
| 1850 || 71,496 || 4,098 || 
|-
| 1851 || 65,598 || 3,193 || 
|}

During the 1930s, the architect [[Le Corbusier]] drew up plans for a complete redesign of the colonial city. Le Corbusier was highly critical of the urban style of Algiers, describing the European district as "nothing but crumbling walls and devastated nature, the whole a sullied blot". He also criticised the difference in living standards he perceived between the European and African residents of the city, describing a situation in which "the 'civilised' live like rats in holes" whereas "the 'barbarians' live in solitude, in well-being".<ref>Celik, Zeynep, ''Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers Under French Rule'', University of California Press, 1997, p. 5.</ref> However, these plans were ultimately ignored by the French administration.

During World War II, Algiers was the first city to be seized from the Axis by the Allies in [[Operation Terminal]], a part of [[Operation Torch]].
[[File:Algiers CNE-v1-p58-J.jpg|thumb|left|City and harbour of Algiers, {{circa|1921}}]]