Editing Aircraft hijacking (section)

=== On-board security ===
[[File:Security simulation at Swartkops Air Force Base1.jpg|thumb|Hijacking assault simulation by South African special forces]]

In the history of hijackings, most incidents involved planes being forced to land at a certain destination with demands. As a result, commercial airliners adopted a "total compliance" rule which taught pilots and [[Flight attendant|cabin crew]] to comply with the hijackers' demands.<ref name=":8" /> Crews advise passengers to sit quietly to increase their chances of survival. The ultimate goal is to land the plane safely and let the [[security forces]] handle the situation. The [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] suggested that the longer a hijacking persisted, the more likely it would end peacefully with the hijackers reaching their goal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Ch3.htm|title=National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|access-date=2008-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927230023/http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Ch3.htm|archive-date=2008-09-27|url-status=live}}</ref> Although total compliance is still relevant, the events of September 11 changed this paradigm as this technique cannot prevent a murder-suicide hijacking.

After the [[September 11 attacks]], it became evident that each hijacking situation needs to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Cabin crew, now aware of the severe consequences, have a greater responsibility for maintaining control of their aircraft. Most airlines also give crew members training in self-defense tactics.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/26/opinion/abend-terror-hijack-threat/index.html|title=Pilot: Here's what keeps you safe on a plane (Opinion) - CNN|last=Les Abend|work=CNN|access-date=2019-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706114524/https://edition.cnn.com/2015/02/26/opinion/abend-terror-hijack-threat/index.html|archive-date=2019-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Ever since the 1970s, crew are taught to be vigilant for suspicious behaviour. For example, passengers who have no carry-on luggage, or are standing next to the cockpit door with fidgety movements. There have been various incidents when crew and passengers intervened to prevent attacks: on December 22, 2001, [[Richard Reid (shoe bomber)|Richard Reid]] attempted to ignite explosives on [[2001 failed shoe bomb attempt|American Airlines Flight 63]]. In 2009, on [[Northwest Flight 253]], [[Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]] attempted to detonate explosives sewn into his underwear. In 2012, the attempted hijacking of [[Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554]] was stopped when cabin crew placed a trolley in-front of the cockpit door and asked passengers for help.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-07/07/content_15556586.htm|title=Hotan airport security staff cleared{{!}}Society{{!}}chinadaily.com.cn|website=usa.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=2019-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706114526/http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-07/07/content_15556586.htm|archive-date=2019-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref>