Editing Agricultural policy (section)

====Citrus canker====
{{main|Citrus canker}}
Citrus canker is a disease affecting [[citrus]] species that is caused by the bacterium ''Xanthomonas axonopodis''. The infection causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and [[fruit]] of citrus trees, including lime, oranges, and grapefruit. While not harmful to humans, canker significantly affects the vitality of citrus trees, causing leaves and fruit to drop prematurely; a fruit infected with canker is safe to eat but too unsightly to be sold. The disease, which is believed to have originated in [[South East Asia]], is extremely persistent when it becomes established in an area, making it necessary for all citrus orchards to be destroyed for the successful eradication of the disease. [[Australia]], [[Brazil]] and the [[United States]] are currently experiencing canker outbreaks.{{when|date=May 2022}}

The disease can be detected in [[orchard]]s and on fruit by the appearance of lesions. Early detection is critical in quarantine situations. Bacteria are tested for pathogenicity by inoculating multiple citrus species with the bacterium. Simultaneously, other diagnostic tests (antibody detection, fatty-acid profiling, and genetic procedures using [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) are conducted to identify the particular canker strain. Citrus canker outbreaks are prevented and managed in a number of ways. In countries that do not have canker, the disease is prevented from entering the country by quarantine measures. In countries with new outbreaks, eradication programs that are started soon after the disease has been discovered have been successful; such programs rely on the destruction of affected orchards. When eradication has been unsuccessful and the disease has become established, management options include replacing susceptible citrus cultivars with resistant cultivars, applying preventive sprays of [[copper]]-based [[bactericide]]s, and destroying infected trees and all surrounding trees within an appropriate radius.

The citrus industry is the largest fresh-fruit exporting industry in Australia.<ref name="auscitrus">{{cite web|url=http://www.austcitrus.org.au/|title=Aust Citrus -|website=Aust Citrus|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-date=2011-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127231917/http://austcitrus.org.au/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Australia has had three outbreaks of citrus canker; all three were successfully eradicated. The disease was found twice during the 1900s in the [[Northern Territory]] and was eradicated each time. During the first outbreak in 1912, every citrus tree north of [[19th parallel south|latitude 19° south]] was destroyed, taking 11 years to eradicate the disease.<ref name="dpi">Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. [http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/4249.html Exotic plant pests - citrus canker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060826140309/http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/4249.html |date=2006-08-26 }}</ref> In 2004, Asiatic citrus canker was detected in an orchard in [[Emerald, Queensland|Emerald]], [[Queensland]], and was thought to have occurred from the illegal import of infected citrus plants. The state and federal governments have ordered that all commercial orchards, all non-commercial citrus trees, and all native lime trees (''C. glauca'') in the vicinity of Emerald be destroyed rather than trying to isolate infected trees.