Editing Agent Orange (section)

===Vietnamese people===
{{main|Impact of Agent Orange in Vietnam}}
The government of Vietnam states that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it; these figures include their children who were exposed.<ref name="The Washington Post"/> The [[Red Cross of Vietnam]] estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or have health problems due to Agent Orange contamination.<ref name="Jessica King"/> The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

According to a study by Dr. [[Nguyen Viet Nhan]], children in the areas where Agent Orange was used have been affected and have multiple health problems, including [[cleft palate]], mental disabilities, [[hernia]]s, and [[Polydactyly|extra fingers and toes]].<ref name="Agent Orange blights Vietnam"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaiadiscovery.com/latest-people/professor-nguyen-viet-nhan-helping-child-victims-of-agent-or.html|title=Professor Nguyen Viet Nhan: Helping Child Victims of Agent Orange Defoliation |website=Gaia Discovery |date=December 13, 2010 |language=en|access-date=2017-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225210710/http://www.gaiadiscovery.com/latest-people/professor-nguyen-viet-nhan-helping-child-victims-of-agent-or.html|archive-date=2017-02-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fox |first=Diane Niblack |title=Living with Agent Orange: conversations in postwar Viet Nam |date=2024 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |isbn=978-1-68575-033-6 |series=Culture and politics in the Cold War and beyond |location=Amherst}}</ref> In the 1970s, high levels of dioxin were found in the [[breast milk]] of South Vietnamese women, and in the blood of U.S. military personnel who had served in Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thornton|first=Joe|title=Pandora's Poison: Chlorine, Health, and a New Environmental Strategy|publisher=MIT Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-262-70084-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/pandoraspoison00joet/page/190 190]|url=https://archive.org/details/pandoraspoison00joet|url-access=registration}}</ref> The most affected zones are the mountainous area along [[Truong Son Mountains|Truong Son]] (Long Mountains) and the border between Vietnam and Cambodia. The affected residents are living in substandard conditions with many [[genetic diseases]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs |url=http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/tt_baochi/nr041126171753/ns050118101044 |title=Ủng hộ nạn nhân chất độc da cam/Đi-ô-xin |trans-title=Support for victims of Agent Orange / Dioxin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407084743/http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/tt_baochi/nr041126171753/ns050118101044 |archive-date=2008-04-07 |language=vi}}</ref>{{sfn|IOM|1994|p=iii}}

In 2006, [[Anh Duc Ngo]] and colleagues of the [[University of Texas Health Science Center]] published a [[meta-analysis]] that exposed a large amount of heterogeneity (different findings) between studies, a finding consistent with a lack of consensus on the issue.<ref name="1940-5030">{{cite journal|url=https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/birth-defects-caused-agent-orange|last=King|first=Jesse|title=Birth Defects Caused by Agent Orange|journal=Embryo Project Encyclopedia|date=2012-11-08|hdl=10776/4202|issn=1940-5030|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801042017/http://embryo.asu.edu/pages/birth-defects-caused-agent-orange|archive-date=August 1, 2013|access-date=February 6, 2021}}</ref> Despite this, statistical analysis of the studies they examined resulted in data that the increase in birth defects/[[relative risk]] (RR) from exposure to agent orange/dioxin "appears" to be on the order of 3 in Vietnamese-funded studies, but 1.29 in the rest of the world. There is data near the threshold of [[statistical significance]] suggesting Agent Orange contributes to still-births, cleft palate, and [[neural tube defects]], with [[spina bifida]] being the most statistically significant defect.{{sfn|Ngo|Taylor|Roberts|Nguyen|2006}} The large discrepancy in RR between Vietnamese studies and those in the rest of the world has been ascribed to bias in the Vietnamese studies.<ref name="1940-5030"/>

Twenty-eight of the former U.S. military bases in Vietnam where the herbicides were stored and loaded onto airplanes may still have high levels of dioxins in the soil, posing a health threat to the surrounding communities. Extensive testing for dioxin contamination has been conducted at the former U.S. airbases in [[Da Nang Air Base|Da Nang]], [[Phù Cát Air Base|Phù Cát District]] and [[Bien Hoa Air Base|Biên Hòa]]. Some of the soil and sediment on the bases have extremely high levels of dioxin requiring remediation. The Da Nang Air Base has dioxin contamination up to 350 times higher than international recommendations for action.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.hatfieldgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/AgentOrangeReports/UNDP1391/UNDP1391_Final_VRT_%20Report_and_Appendices.pdf |title=Evaluation of Contamination at the Agent Orange Dioxin Hot Spots in Bien Hoa, Phu Cat and Vicinity, Vietnam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425050941/https://www.hatfieldgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/AgentOrangeReports/UNDP1391/UNDP1391_Final_VRT_%20Report_and_Appendices.pdf |archive-date=2019-04-25 |publisher=Office of the National Committee 33, Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment |location=Hanoi, Vietnam |author=Viet Nam – Russia Tropical Centre |date=June 2009 |id=UNDP1391.2}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |author=((Hatfield Consultants Office of the National Steering Committee 33)) |url=http://www.hatfieldgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/AgentOrangeReports/DANDI1283/DANDI1283_Final_Report.pdf |title=Assessment of dioxin contamination in the environment and human population in the vicinity of Da Nang Airbase, Viet Nam. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425053450/https://www.hatfieldgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/AgentOrangeReports/DANDI1283/DANDI1283_Final_Report.pdf |archive-date=2019-04-25 |id=DANDI1283.4 |location=Vancouver, Canada |publisher=Hatfield Consultants |date=2007 |type=Final Report}}</ref> The contaminated soil and sediment continue to affect the citizens of Vietnam, poisoning their food chain and causing illnesses, serious skin diseases and a variety of cancers in the lungs, larynx, and prostate.<ref name="Agent Orange blights Vietnam">{{Cite news|last=Denselow |first=Robin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/227467.stm|work=BBC News|title=Agent Orange blights Vietnam|date=December 3, 1998|access-date=April 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125013903/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/227467.stm|archive-date=January 25, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" widths="200">
File:Agent Orange Deformities (3786919757).jpg|A person with [[birth deformities]] associated with prenatal exposure to Agent Orange
File:Agent-Orange-dioxin-skin-damage-Vietnam.jpg|Major Tự Đức Phang was exposed to dioxin-contaminated Agent Orange.
File:A vietnamese Professor is pictured with a group of handicapped children.jpg|A group of handicapped children in Ho Chi Minh, some of them affected by Agent Orange
File:Two Vietnameses pose in front of the billboard.jpg|Kan Lay, 55 years old, and her son, Ke Van Bec, 14 years old, ''A Luoi'' Valley, Vietnam, December 2004.
</gallery>