Editing Afrikaner Calvinism (section)

==Afrikaner Broederbond==
The [[Boer War]]s had left many of the Afrikaners utterly destitute. The ruined farmers were seen in the hundreds, following the war, lining the highways selling produce by the basket. After the four South African colonies united politically into the [[Union of South Africa]] and relinquished control to democratic elections, a small, anonymous group of young intellectuals called the [[Afrikaner Broederbond]], formed in the years following the [[Second Anglo-Boer War]] to discuss strategies for addressing the overwhelming social problem of ''poor whites'' and other Afrikaner interests. By the account of [[Irving Hexham]], according to [[Klaus Venter]] and [[Hendrik G. Stoker|Hendrick Stoker]] who were themselves disgruntled members of the secret organisation, in 1927 the Broederbond moved to Potchefstroom University, asking that the school would take over leadership of the then-struggling group. That year, the Broederbond formally adopted the Calvinist philosophy based on the work of [[Abraham Kuyper]]. The Broederbond believed, with deep-rooted conviction, that what their past had provided them through the interpretation of faith was a model of anti-imperialism, self-discipline and responsibility, which in the end would preserve justice for all – blacks, coloured, and whites – against Communist deceit. These strategies that arose from the Broederbond were directly responsible for the establishment of [[apartheid]], in 1948.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}

After the [[Sharpeville massacre]] in 1960, under enormous international pressure, the Broederbond began a slow and quiet re-examination of their policy proposals. And yet no significant changes took place to reform the apartheid system until the [[Soweto]] riots in 1976. Some time after this, the Broederbond declared apartheid an irreformable failure and began work to dismantle it. The conviction had finally become established, although not universally that, if the Afrikaner people, language and religion were to survive, they must take the initiative to emerge from the laager, and invite South Africa in. The Broederbond (dropping the policy of secrecy and with the new name ''[[Afrikanerbond]]'') began proposing initiatives for land reform and the reversal of apartheid.