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== Effects on human health == [[file:blausen 0015 AllergicRhinitis.png|thumb|Illustration depicting inflammation associated with allergic rhinitis.]] [[Allergic rhinitis]] is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-17 |title=Immunotherapy for Environmental Allergies |url=http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/environmental-allergies/Pages/immunotherapy.aspx |access-date=20 April 2023 |archive-date=17 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617190743/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/environmental-allergies/Pages/immunotherapy.aspx |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> It is typically triggered in humans by pollen and other bioaerosols. Between 10% and 30% of people in Western countries are affected.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wheatley |first1=Lisa M. |last2=Togias |first2=Alkis |title=Allergic Rhinitis |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=29 January 2015 |volume=372 |issue=5 |pages=456–463 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1412282 |pmc=4324099 |pmid=25629743 }}</ref> Symptoms are usually worse during pollination periods, when there is significantly more pollen aerosolized in the air.<ref name=":6" /> In these peak periods, staying indoors is one way to limit exposure. However, studies have shown that there are still significant levels of pollen indoors. In the winter, pollen levels indoors actually exceed outdoor levels.<ref name=":6">{{cite journal |last1=Bastl |first1=Katharina |last2=Berger |first2=Uwe |last3=Kmenta |first3=Maximilian |last4=Weber |first4=Martina |title=Is there an advantage to staying indoors for pollen allergy sufferers? Composition and quantitative aspects of the indoor pollen spectrum |journal=Building and Environment |date=October 2017 |volume=123 |pages=78–87 |doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.06.040 |bibcode=2017BuEnv.123...78B }}</ref> Up to date data on pollen levels is critical for humans that have allergies. A current limitation is that many spore traps require scientists to identify and count individual pollen grains under magnification.<ref name=":5" /> This causes data to be delayed, sometimes by over a week. There are currently a number of fully automatic spore traps in development, and once they are fully functional they will improve the lives of people with allergies.<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |last1=Maya-Manzano |first1=José M. |last2=Tummon |first2=Fiona |last3=Abt |first3=Reto |last4=Allan |first4=Nathan |last5=Bunderson |first5=Landon |last6=Clot |first6=Bernard |last7=Crouzy |first7=Benoît |last8=Daunys |first8=Gintautas |last9=Erb |first9=Sophie |last10=Gonzalez-Alonso |first10=Mónica |last11=Graf |first11=Elias |last12=Grewling |first12=Łukasz |last13=Haus |first13=Jörg |last14=Kadantsev |first14=Evgeny |last15=Kawashima |first15=Shigeto |last16=Martinez-Bracero |first16=Moises |last17=Matavulj |first17=Predrag |last18=Mills |first18=Sophie |last19=Niederberger |first19=Erny |last20=Lieberherr |first20=Gian |last21=Lucas |first21=Richard W. |last22=O'Connor |first22=David J. |last23=Oteros |first23=Jose |last24=Palamarchuk |first24=Julia |last25=Pope |first25=Francis D. |last26=Rojo |first26=Jesus |last27=Šaulienė |first27=Ingrida |last28=Schäfer |first28=Stefan |last29=Schmidt-Weber |first29=Carsten B. |last30=Schnitzler |first30=Martin |last31=Šikoparija |first31=Branko |last32=Skjøth |first32=Carsten A. |last33=Sofiev |first33=Mikhail |last34=Stemmler |first34=Tom |last35=Triviño |first35=Marina |last36=Zeder |first36=Yanick |last37=Buters |first37=Jeroen |title=Towards European automatic bioaerosol monitoring: Comparison of 9 automatic pollen observational instruments with classic Hirst-type traps |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=March 2023 |volume=866 |pages=161220 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161220 |pmid=36584954 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023ScTEn.86661220M }}</ref>
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