Editing Aelia Capitolina (section)

===''Ecce homo'' arch===
Near the Struthion Pool, Hadrian built a triple-arched gateway as an entrance to the eastern forum of Aelia Capitolina.<ref>[[Pierre Benoit (archaeologist)|Benoit, Pierre]], ''The Antonia of Herod the Great, and the East Forum of Aelia Capitolina'' (1971)</ref> Traditionally, this was thought to be the gate of [[Herod the Great|Herod]]'s [[Antonia Fortress]], which itself was alleged to be the location of [[Jesus]]' trial and [[Pontius Pilate]]'s ''[[Ecce homo]]'' speech as described in [[John 19]]:13.<ref>{{bibleverse||John|19:13}}</ref><ref name="cruise2">{{cite book |last1=Warren |first1=E.K. |title=Glimpses of Bible Lands: The Cruise of the Eight Hundred to Jerusalem |last2=Hartshorn |first2=W.N. |last3=McCrillis |first3=A.B. |publisher=The Central Committee |year=1905 |location=Boston, MA |page=168}}</ref> This was due in part to the 1864 discovery of a game etched on a flagstone of the pool. According to the convent's nuns, the game was played by Roman soldiers<ref>Cf. Michael Sebbane (2019), "Board Games from the Eastern Cardo", in ''Jerusalem: Western Wall Plaza Excavations I: The Roman and Byzantine Remains'' (IAA Reports 63), p. 153 {{doi|10.2307/j.ctvpb3vzw.10}}</ref> and may have ended in the execution of a 'mock king'.<ref name="video2">{{cite web |year=2012 |title=Ecce Homo Arch Video |url=http://www.jerusalemexperience.com/tour/ecce-homo-arch-notre-dame-de-sion-convent-via-dolorosa/ |website=Jerusalem Experience}}</ref> [[Ermete Pierotti]] is the first to term the words ''Ecce Homo'' to the arch, in reference to Pilate's words to Jesus.<ref>Pierotti, Ermete (1864), ''Jerusalem explored'' (volume 2), [https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/44241/pg44241-images.html#plate12 Plate XIII]</ref> It is possible that following its destruction, the Antonia Fortress's pavement tiles were brought to the cistern of Hadrian's plaza.<ref name="video2" />

When later constructions narrowed the ''[[Via Dolorosa]]'', the two arches on either side of the central arch became incorporated into a succession of more modern buildings. The Basilica of Ecce Homo now preserves the northern arch.<ref name="cruise2" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Benoit |first1=P. |date=1971 |title=L'Antonia D'Hérode le Grand et le Forum Oriental D'Aelia Capitolina |journal=The Harvard Theological Review |language=fr |volume=64 |issue=2/3 |pages=135–167 |doi=10.1017/S0017816000032478 |issn=0017-8160 |jstor=1509294 |s2cid=162902370}}</ref> The southern arch was incorporated into a [[Zawiya (institution)|zawiya (Sufi monastery)]] for [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] [[dervish]]es of the [[Naqshbandi order]] in the 16th century,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madain Project |title=Arch of Hadrian |url=https://madainproject.com/ecce_homo_arch |access-date=2019-07-12}}</ref> but these were demolished in the 19th century in order to found a mosque.<ref>Lewin, Thomas. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2SldAAAAcAAJ&dq=Via+Dolorosa+south+arch+monastery&pg=PA202 ''The Siege of Jerusalem by Titus: With the Journal of a Recent Visit to the Holy City, and a General Sketch of the Topography of Jerusalem from the Earliest Times Down to the Siege'']. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, 1863: 202. [[Google Books|Google books]]. 2019-07-12.</ref>