Editing Adenosine diphosphate (section)

====Mitochondrial ATP synthase complex====
{{main|ATP synthase}}
During the initial phases of [[glycolysis]] and the [[TCA cycle]], [[cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactors]] such as [[NAD+]] donate and accept electrons<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors =Belenky P, Bogan KL, Brenner C |title=NAD+ metabolism in health and disease |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=12–9 |date=January 2007|pmid=17161604 |doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2006.11.006 }}</ref> that aid in the [[electron transport chain]]'s ability to produce a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.<ref>{{cite book |author =Murray, Robert F. |title=Harper's illustrated biochemistry |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2003 |isbn=0-07-121766-5 }}</ref> The ATP synthase complex exists within the mitochondrial membrane (F<sub>O</sub> portion) and protrudes into the matrix (F<sub>1</sub> portion).  The energy derived as a result of the chemical gradient is then used to synthesize ATP by coupling the reaction of inorganic phosphate to ADP in the active site of the [[ATP synthase]] enzyme; the equation for this can be written as ADP + P<sub>i</sub> → ATP.{{cn|date=April 2023}}